U.S. Route 231 in Indiana

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U.S. Route 231

US 231 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by INDOT
Length284.277 mi[1] (457.499 km)
ExistedAugust 22, 1952[2]–present
Major junctions
South end US 231 at Kentucky state line
Major intersections
North end US 41 in St. John
Location
CountryUnited States
StateIndiana
CountiesSpencer, Dubois, Martin, Daviess, Greene, Owen, Putnam, Montgomery, Tippecanoe, White, Jasper, Porter, Lake
Highway system
  • Indiana State Highway System
← SR 229→ SR 232

U.S. Route 231 (US 231) is the longest numbered highway in Indiana, covering over 284 miles (457 km). It is a main north–south highway in the western part of the state. The southern terminus of US 231 is at the Kentucky state line and the northern terminus is at US 41 just south of St. John. The highway is a mixture of expressway and two-lane roadway. The expressway portions exist mainly in southern Indiana and around the Lafayette area, with the rest mainly being two lanes.

Route description

US 231 contains two segments included as a part of the National Highway System (NHS). The first segment runs from the Kentucky state line to SR 558 and the second segment runs from I-70 to Lafayette.[3] The highway is maintained by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) like all other U.S. Highways in the state. The department tracks the traffic volumes along all state highways as a part of its maintenance responsibilities using a metric called average annual daily traffic (AADT). This measurement is a calculation of the traffic level along a segment of roadway for any day of the year. In 2010, INDOT calculated that the section of US 231 with the lowest average daily traffic levels – with 1,100 vehicles and 180 commercial vehicles – was from US 52 to I–65. The peak traffic volumes on US 231 was 27,990 vehicles and 1,950 commercial vehicles AADT along the section concurrent with US 52.[4]

Southern Indiana

The William H. Natcher Bridge over the Ohio River between Kentucky and Indiana

US 231 enters Indiana on the William H. Natcher Bridge over the Ohio River from Kentucky. The road enters as a four–lane divided highway and immediately has a folded diamond interchange with State Road 66 (SR 66). The highway heads north passing a large, coal fired power plant (Rockport Generating Station) and through farmland towards Chrisney; the expressway then intersects with SR 70. The route turns northeast, passing through woods, just south of Lincoln State Park. The road turns north having an interchange with SR 162; this exit allows access to the State Park, as well as the Holiday World & Splashin' Safari theme park, a few miles to the east.

The expressway then turns northwest and skirts the south and west sides of Dale. On the south side of town, the roadway intersects SR 62; this is the old route of US 231, which joins the expressway for a brief period before turning east at the junction with SR 68. I–64 is a little more than a mile north from this point, with its interchange just south of the end of the expressway.

U.S. 231 enters Dubois County, crossing into the Eastern Time Zone. From this point northward through the remainder of Southern Indiana, the highway will remain mostly a rural two-lane road.[5][6]

US 231 heads towards Huntingburg, passing through rural farmland. The highway enters Huntingburg from the south, passing through residential areas. The route has a traffic light in downtown Huntingburg with SR 64. North of downtown Huntingburg, the road passes through commercial properties, before leaving town. The highway then heads north towards Jasper, passing by a mix of both farmland and woodland. US 231 enters Jasper from the south, passing by commercial lots. West of downtown Jasper, the route begins a concurrency with SR 56, with both routes heading east. The concurrency enters downtown and has a traffic light at the northern terminus of SR 164. That is intersection US 231 and SR 56 turn towards the north. The two highways head north into residential areas. The road leaves Jasper heading northeastward toward Loogootee. In Haysville, the concurrency with SR 56 ends. US 231 heads north-northeast from SR 54, before turning more northward. The highway enters Loogootee and begins a concurrency with both U.S. Route 50 (US 50) and US 150. The concurrency travels due north, then turns northeast and enters downtown Loogootee. In downtown, the concurrency ends, with US 50 and US 150 heading east and US 231 heading northwest. The highway then heads north towards Bloomfield, passing the Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division.[5][6]

The route enters Bloomfield from the south, beginning a concurrency with SR 54 in downtown. This intersection is also the southern terminus of SR 157. US 231 and SR 54 head due west after about 4 miles (6.4 km), after which SR 54 keeps heading due west and US 231 turns due north. This intersection is the northern terminus of SR 57. US 231 then heads north for about 4 miles (6.4 km) until SR 67. The two routes head northeast heading towards Spencer, along the banks of the White River. The highway turns towards the north away from the river and the concurrency ends. SR 67 heads northeast again and US 231 heads northwest. The road then travels towards Cloverdale, passing through an intersection with SR 42. The route enters Cloverdale passing by a mix of commercial and residential properties. On the north side of Cloverdale, the highway becomes a four-lane divided highway, with an interchange at I–70.[5][6]

Northern Indiana

North of I–70, US 231 narrows to a two-lane highway, heading towards the northwest. The route has a traffic light at US 40, south of Greencastle. The highway enters Greencastle from the southeast and begins to turn north, passing DePauw University to the west. In downtown Greencastle, the highway has a traffic light with the western terminus of SR 240. US 231 leaves Greencastle heading further north for Crawfordsville, passing through a traffic light at US 36, a brief concurrency with SR 236, and an intersection with SR 234. On the south side of Crawfordsville, the route becomes a four-lane undivided highway, passing through commercial development. The road then heads toward downtown Crawfordsville, and begins a concurrency with both SR 32 and SR 47. The concurrency passes Wabash College and has an intersection with US 136. At this intersection, the concurrency with SR 32 and SR 47 turns east onto US 136. US 231 becomes a four-lane divided highway north of US 136, heading through the north side of Crawfordsville. Through the north side of Crawfordsville, the road passes through mainly residential land, with a few commercial properties near the interchange with I–74.[6][7]

North of I–74, the road returns to a two–lane rural highway and heads north for Lafayette. On the way to Lafayette, the route passes through rural farmland, paralleling a CSX rail line.[8] The road enters Lafayette and becomes a four-lane divided highway as it runs through a mix of farmland and residential areas. The highway has a traffic light at SR 25. As of 2013, the route crosses the Wabash River and heads for West Lafayette, where it runs along the south and west edges of the Purdue campus.[9] US 231, which has been joined by US 52 by this point,[10] continues north for a few miles, then turns westbound. US 231 then leaves the concurrency, while US 52 continues northwest and US 231 heads due north.[6][7]

North of US 52, the highway becomes a two-lane rural highway passing through farmland. US 231 has an interchange with I–65; this is the first of four interchanges with I–65. The route begins a concurrency with US 24 in Wolcott. The two highways head north through Wolcott and then turn due west. After Wolcott, the concurrency crosses into Jasper County and into the Central Time Zone. The two routes have an interchange at I–65 east of Remington. In Remington, the concurrency ends, with US 24 continuing due west and US 231 heading due north again. The road then enters Rensselaer, heads north and turns northeast, with a traffic light at SR 114. North of the traffic light, the road makes a sharp turn and heads northwest. North of Rensselaer, the route turns north once again, heading towards SR 10. At SR 10, US 231 turns due west, concurrent with the state road. After 2.5 miles (4.0 km), the concurrency ends, with SR 10 traveling south and US 231 continuing north. The highway then enters Porter County on a bridge over the Kankakee River.[6][7]

North of the Kankakee River, the route begins a concurrency with SR 2 at a four-way stop south of Hebron. The concurrency enters Hebron from the south, passing mainly residential areas. The concurrency has an intersection with the western terminus of SR 8 at the main intersection in downtown. North of downtown, the concurrency with SR 2 ends with SR 2 heading due north and US 231 heading northwest. The road leaves Hebron, passing more residential properties and heading towards Crown Point. On the southeast side of Crown Point, the route has its last interchange with I–65. After I–65, the road has an intersection with SR 55. Passing through the southeast side of Crown Point, the road is lined with housing additions on both sides. The road then begins a concurrency with SR 55 and the two highways head for downtown Crown Point. In downtown Crown Point, the routes go around the county courthouse on one-way streets. The concurrency ends when the state road heads due north. US 231 then leaves Crown Point, heading towards its northern terminus on the south side of St. John. The route turns west for the last few miles to meet US 41. US 231 meets US 41 at an intersection controlled by a traffic light.[6][7]

History

Before US 231

U.S. Route 152

LocationLafayette–St. John
ExistedFebruary 1935[11]–1938[12]

Between 1918 and 1926, US 231 was signed SR 18 from Rockport to Old SR 4 and then followed Old SR 4 to Jasper. From Jasper to Bloomfield, the route consisted of unimproved county roads. From Bloomfield to Switz City, the future US 231 followed Old SR 30. North of Switz City, the road was SR 12, which eventually became SR 67. From Jasper to Lafayette, the road was numbered as SR 32. Where the future US 231 followed SR 29, the route became what is now US 52. From Wolcott to Remington, the route followed SR 7. North of Remington, the road was numbered SR 8 until reaching Hebron. From Hebron to the current terminus was an unimproved county road. This system was changed in 1926 when the U.S. Highways were created.[13][14][15][16]

The current number system in Indiana was put into place in 1926. The route that would become US 231 was signed as SR 45 from Rockport to SR 58 in Scotland. From Scotland to Bloomfield, it was an unimproved county road. From Bloomfield to Spencer, the future US 231 was given the same number that the route is concurrent with today. North of Spencer to Lafayette it was numbered SR 43. The route that US 231 follows today along US 52 was the same. The section of US 231 north of US 52 to US 41 was signed as US 152. The US 152 designation was used between February 1935[11] and 1938; in 1938 US 152 was decommissioned.[17][18][19][20] The road then went back to state road numbers; this lasted until 1952 when US 231 was commissioned and signs installed.[2][21][22]

As US 231

US 231 was first signed in Indiana in 1954; the whole length of US 231 was two-lanes. In Southern Indiana, the road has been widened from a two-lane surface road to a four-lane divided expressway. The expressway construction began in 2002 with a new bridge over the Ohio River; the state designated the old bridge near Owensboro, KY as SR 161. When the bridge was completed, traffic had to exit the expressway at the first exit on to SR 66. The expressway was built north towards Dale on all new terrain, with some of the old highway being signed as SR 161, SR 62, and the rest becoming county roads. US 231 was moved onto the expressway on March 15, 2011.[6][23] In Northern Indiana, a new routing of US 231 around the south and west sides of the Lafayette/West Lafayette area opened September 13, 2013.[9] Previously, US 231 entered downtown Lafayette from the south on 4th Street, passed over the Wabash River on the Harrison Bridge, then continued north and northwest in West Lafayette on Northwestern Avenue passing Purdue University, until merging with US 52.

Future

A project is planned that will put US 231 on a four-lane divided highway around Huntingburg and Jasper in the southern part of the state.[24]

Major intersections

CountyLocationmi[1]kmDestinationsNotes
Daviess​0.0000.000
 US 231 south – Owensboro		Kentucky state line
Ohio RiverWilliam H. Natcher Bridge
SpencerOhio Township0.2510.404 SR 66 – Tell City, Rockport, EvansvilleInterchange
Grass Township7.12211.462
 SR 70 east		Western terminus of SR 70
Carter–Clay
township line		15.885–
15.893		25.564–
25.577		 SR 162 – Gentryville, Santa ClausInterchange
Dale18.74530.167
 SR 62 west – Gentryville		South end of SR 62 concurrency; intersection is a J-turn
19.82231.900

 SR 62 east / SR 68 west – Dale		North end of SR 62 concurrency; intersection is a J-turn
21.350–
22.131		34.359–
35.616		 I-64–St. Louis, LouisvilleInterchange
DuboisHuntingburg29.27947.120 SR 64 – Oakland City, Marengo
Jasper33.93854.618
 SR 162 south – Ferdinand		Northern terminus of SR 162
35.90657.785
 SR 56 west – Petersburg		Southern end of SR 56 concurrency
36.28658.397
 SR 164 east – Ferdinand		Western terminus of SR 164
Haysville43.12269.398
 SR 56 east – French Lick		Northern end of SR 56 concurrency
MartinLoogootee56.41090.783

 US 50 west / US 150 west – Washington		Southern end of US 50/US 150 concurrency
56.89491.562

 US 50 east / US 150 east – Shoals		Northern end of US 50/US 150 concurrency
DaviessMadison Township67.092107.974
 SR 645 east – Burns City		Western terminus of SR 645
69.129111.252
 SR 58 west – Odon		Southern end of SR 58 concurrency
72.448116.594
 SR 558 east – NSA Crane		Western terminus of SR 558
GreeneTaylor Township73.713118.630

 SR 45 north / SR 58 east – Bloomington, Bedford		Southern terminus of SR 45; northern end of SR 58 concurrency
73.859–
73.911		118.865–
118.948		 I-69 – Evansville, IndianapolisI-69 exit 87
Bloomfield81.610131.339

 SR 54 east / SR 157 north – Bloomington		Eastern end of SR 54 concurrency; southern terminus of SR 157
Fairplay Township85.635137.816

 SR 54 east / SR 57 south – Newberry, Switz City		Western end of SR 54 concurrency
88.926143.113

 SR 57 south / SR 67 south – Vincennes		Southern end of SR 67 concurrency; north end of SR 57
Worthington92.204148.388
 SR 157 south		Southern end of SR 157 concurrency
92.250148.462
 SR 157 north		Northern end of SR 157 concurrency
OwenSpencer109.597176.379
 SR 46 west – Terre Haute		Western end of SR 46 concurrency
110.461177.770
 SR 46 east – Bloomington		Eastern end of SR 46 concurrency
Montgomery Township115.842186.430
 SR 67 north – Indianapolis		Northern end of SR 67 concurrency
PutnamCloverdale126.540203.646 SR 42 – Mooresville, Lieber State Recreation Area
128.881–
129.031		207.414–
207.655		 I-70 – Indianapolis, St. Louis
Warren Township132.633213.452 US 40 – Terre Haute, Indianapolis
Greencastle136.640219.901
 SR 240 east		Western terminus of SR 240
Monroe Township146.261235.384 US 36 – Danville, Rockville, Raccoon State Recreation Area
Franklin–Russell
township line		151.924244.498
 SR 236 west – Russellville, Marshall		Southern end of SR 236 concurrency
152.430245.312
 SR 236 east – Roachdale		Northern end of SR 236 concurrency
MontgomeryScott Township157.609253.647 SR 234 – Shades State Park, Ladoga
Crawfordsville164.601264.900

 SR 32 west / SR 47 south		Southern end of SR 32/SR 47 concurrency
165.839266.892

 US 136 / SR 32 east / SR 47 north		Northern end of SR 32/SR 47 concurrency
168.425–
168.650		271.054–
271.416		 I-74 – Indianapolis
TippecanoeRandolph Township181.023291.328 SR 28 – Frankfort, Attica
Lafayette190.110305.952

 US 52 east / SR 25 south		South end of US 52 concurrency; north end of southern segment of SR 25
193.416311.273
 SR 26 west		East end of western segment of SR 26
196.652316.481Sagamore Parkway
Shelby Township200.655322.923
 US 52 west		Western end of US 52 concurrency
WhiteRound Grove Township209.742337.547 SR 18 – Fowler, Brookston
West Point Township214.025–
214.224		344.440–
344.760		 I-65 – Indianapolis, Chicago
Wolcott219.948353.972
 US 24 east – Monticello		Eastern end of US 24 concurrency
JasperCarpenter Township224.805–
224.978		361.789–
362.067		 I-65 – Indianapolis, Chicago
Remington226.673364.795
 US 24 west – Kentland		Western end of US 24 concurrency
Carpenter Township229.592–
229.786		369.493–
369.805		 I-65 – Indianapolis, Chicago
Jordan Township233.627375.986 SR 16 – Monon, Brook
Rensselaer238.618384.018
 SR 114 to I-65
Union Township244.959394.223 SR 14 – Parr, Enos, Winamac
Walker Township253.041407.230
 SR 110 west – Roselawn		Eastern terminus of the western section of SR 110
256.035412.048
 SR 10 east – Wheatland		Eastern end of SR 10 concurrency
Demotte258.400–
258.590		415.854–
416.160
 SR 10 west – Roselawn		Western end of SR 10 concurrency
PorterBoone Township265.462427.220
 SR 2 west – Lowell		Southern end of SR 2 concurrency
Hebron267.488430.480
 SR 8 east		Western terminus of SR 8
267.642430.728
 SR 2 east – Valparaiso		Northern end of SR 2 concurrency
LakeCrown Point275.738–
275.986		443.757–
444.156		 I-65 – Indianapolis, Gary
276.674445.264
 SR 53 north – Merrillville		Southern terminus of SR 53
278.116447.584
 SR 55 south		Eastern end of SR 55 concurrency
278.714448.547
 SR 55 north – Gary		Western end of SR 55 concurrency
St. John284.277457.499 US 41 – Terre Haute, HammondNorthern terminus of US 231
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

References

  1. ^ a b Indiana Department of Transportation (July 2016). Reference Post Book (PDF). Indianapolis: Indiana Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  2. ^ a b Weingroff, Richard (April 7, 2011). "US 231 – Indiana to Florida: How a Highway Grew". Highway History. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  3. ^ Federal Highway Administration (December 2003). National Highway System: Indiana (PDF) (Map). Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
  4. ^ "INDOT Traffic Zones". Indiana Department of Transportation. 2010. Archived from the original on May 5, 2011. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  5. ^ a b c Google (May 14, 2012). "Overview Map of US 231 from Kentucky to Cloverdale" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Indiana Department of Transportation (2011). Indiana Transportation Map (PDF) (Map) (2011–2012 ed.). Indianapolis: Indiana Department of Transportation. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
  7. ^ a b c d Google (May 14, 2012). "Overview Map of US 231 from Cloverdale to St. John" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
  8. ^ Indiana Department of Transportation (August 23, 2011). Indiana Railroad Map (PDF) (Map). Indianapolis: Indiana Department of Transportation. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
  9. ^ a b Vizza, Chris Morisse (September 13, 2013). "U.S. 231 Bypass Open: 'Wow. We Really Did It'". Journal & Courier. Lafayette, Indiana. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  10. ^ Vizza, Chris Morisse (September 12, 2013). "U.S. 52 Route Moves to Teal Road". Journal & Courier. Lafayette, Indiana. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
  11. ^ a b "Seven Changes in Route Numbers on Indiana Highways". The Rushville Republican. February 18, 1935. pp. 1, 6. Retrieved June 8, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ "Few Changes Made in the 1939 Indiana Highway Map". The Rushville Republican. March 13, 1939. p. 4. Retrieved June 8, 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1917). Main Market Highways (Map) (1917 ed.). Indianapolis: Indiana State Highway Commission. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  14. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1918). Indiana Transportation Map of 1918 (Map) (1918 ed.). Indianapolis: Indiana State Highway Commission.
  15. ^ Indiana Department of Transportation (1926). Indiana Transportation Map of 1926 (Map) (1926 ed.). Indianapolis: Indiana State Highway Commission.
  16. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1927). State Highway System of Indiana (PDF) (Map) (1927 ed.). Indianapolis: Indiana State Highway Commission. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
  17. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1933). Indiana Transportation Map of 1933 (Map) (1933 ed.). Indianapolis: Indiana State Highway Commission.
  18. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1934). Indiana Transportation Map of 1934 (Map) (1934 ed.). Indianapolis: Indiana State Highway Commission.
  19. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1938). Indiana Transportation Map of 1938 (Map) (1938 ed.). Indianapolis: Indiana State Highway Commission.
  20. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1939). Indiana Transportation Map of 1939 (Map) (1939 ed.). Indianapolis: Indiana State Highway Commission.
  21. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1951). Indiana Transportation Map of 1951 (Map) (1951 ed.). Indianapolis: Indiana State Highway Commission.
  22. ^ Indiana State Highway Commission (1952). Indiana Transportation Map of 1952 (Map) (1952 ed.). Indianapolis: Indiana State Highway Commission.
  23. ^ Indiana Department of Transportation (2011). Indiana Transportation Map of 2011 (Map) (2011 ed.). Indianapolis: Indiana State Department of Transportation.
  24. ^ http://www.jasperindiana.gov/egov/documents/1374853344_0575.pdf All articles with bare URLs for citations[bare URL PDF]

External links

U.S. Route 231
Previous state:
Kentucky 		Indiana Next state:
Terminus
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