Road signs in Poland
The design of road signs in Poland is regulated by Regulation of the Ministers of Infrastructure and Interior Affairs and Administration on road signs and signals.[1] The Annex 1 to the regulation describes conditions related to usage of the road signs – size, visibility, colors and light reflections, typeface and text, criteria of choosing the type of foil to signs faces, colorful specimens and schematics.
Road signs are divided into two categories – "vertical" (znaki pionowe) and "horizontal" (znaki poziome). The "vertical" signs (triangular, circular or rectangular) are placed on the side of the road or over the road. The "horizontal" ones are simply road markings painted on the carriageway, usually with white paint. Yellow paint is used in temporary situations, mostly during road work. It has higher priority than white paint.
Road signs in Poland follow the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals and, therefore, are more or less identical to those in other European countries. Warning signs have yellow background rather than the more common black-on-white design, and therefore are similar to the road signs in Greece.
Polish road signs depict people with stylized (as opposed to naturalistic) silhouettes.
Meaning of the traffic signals and their usage is described in another regulation. Traffic signals are placed on the right side of the road, on the left side or over the carriageway. There are three types of traffic signals:
- signals made by traffic lights
- signals made by authorised personnel
- sound signals or vibrative
Poland signed the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals on November 8, 1968 and ratified it on August 23, 1984.[2]
Vertical signs
There are seven types of "vertical signs":
- Warning signs (znaki ostrzegawcze; type A) – triangular with the tip pointed upwards (with exception of sign A-7, where its tip is pointed downwards – it provides clear meaning of the sign even during the reduced readability or when looking on it from behind), with red border. The symbols are black on yellow background, with exception of sign A-29 which presents a three-colored traffic signals
- Prohibition signs (znaki zakazu; type B) – circular with red border. Black (in some cases colorful) symbol on white background (exceptions: sign B-20 "STOP", which has an octagonal shape – it also provides clear meaning even during reduced readability or when looking on it from behind; signs B-39, B-40 and B-44 are rectangular). In case of the signs that cancel specific restrictions the symbol is grey and crossed out by thick black diagonal line.
- Mandatory signs (znaki nakazu; type C) – circular, with a white symbol on blue background. The exception is C-17 sign (mandatory direction for vehicles carrying dangerous materials) which is placed on white rectangular board.
- Information signs (znaki informacyjne; type D) – rectangular, blue (or with a white square on blue background) with a white, black or colorful symbol. There are few exceptions: D-1 and D-2 signs which are yellow on white background; additionally one of tips is pointed upwards to give the clear meaning like with A-7 and B-20 signs. D-42 to D-47 signs are big white rectangles.
- Directional signs (znaki kierunku i miejscowości; type E) – these signs have different shapes and colors, depending on the situation and placement.
- Complementary signs (znaki uzupełniające; type F) – big rectangular or square signs with blue or yellow background. These signs mostly inform about traffic order or approaching restrictions and dangers.
- Complementary plates (tabliczki do znaków drogowych; type T) – small rectangular signs, mostly with white or yellow background, with black text or symbol. These are placed under main sign, extending its meaning.
Depending on road type there are five groups of size:
- large (wielkie; W) – used only on motorways
- big (duże; D) – used on expressways, dual carriageway roads outside the built-up area and on roads inside the built-up area with maximum speed higher than 60 kilometers per hour (37 mph)
- medium (średnie; S) – used on motorway slip roads, expressway slip roads, national roads, voivodeship roads and powiat roads, with exception of directional signs
- small (małe; M) – used on gmina roads and as directional signs on powiat roads
- mini (MI) – used on traffic bollards, directional signs and inside the built-up areas when it's impossible to use larger signs or it would reduce visibility of pedestrians and on narrow streets.
The most used size of road signs in Poland, defined in Regulation as medium, is in case of circular with diameter of 80 centimeters (31 in); in case of triangular the length of one of edges has 90 centimeters (35 in); in case of square or rectangular one of square edges or shorter edge of rectangle has 60 centimeters (24 in).
Dimensions of directional signs are depending on size of letters, type and size of symbols and also by length and number of locality names.
To provide proper visibility and readability of road signs, the faces are made with reflective materials. Type of used material is dependent on road category.
Warning signs
A-5 "intersection — uncontrolled intersection"
(yield to vehicles coming from the right)A-6a "intersection with side roads on both sides of the road"
Drivers on the side roads have to yield [3]A-6b "intersection with a side road from the right"
Drivers on the side road have to yield [3]A-6c "intersection with a side road from the left"
Drivers on the side road have to yield [3]A-6d "entry of the one-way road from the right"
Drivers on the side road have to yield [3]A-6e "entry of the one-way road from the left"
Drivers on the side road have to yield [3]A-11a "speed bump"
A-13 "moveable bridge"
A-14 "roadworks area"
A-16 "pedestrian crossing ahead"
(formerly used )A-18a "cattle"
A-18b "deer"
A-21 "tramway"
A-24 "cyclists"
A-26 "airport"
A-29 "traffic lights ahead"
A-31 "dangerous shoulder"
A-33 "traffic congestion"
A-34 "traffic accident"
Prohibitory signs
B-2 "no entry"
B-3a "no entry for buses"
B-5 "no entry for trucks"
B-6 "no entry for tractors and slow-running vehicles"
B-8 "no entry for horse-drawn vehicles"
B-10 "no entry for mopeds"
B-11 "no entry for bicycle carts"
B-12 "no entry for handcarts"
B-19 "no entry for vehicles with a single axle load exceeding [...] tonnes"[4]
B-20 "stop"
(Mandatory stop)
(formerly used )B-23 "no U-turns"
B-29 "no sound signals"
B-31 "priority for oncoming drivers"
(one has to yield to oncoming drivers[3])B-32b "boom barrier failure"
B-32d "ferry entrance"
B-32f "toll collection"
B-33 "speed limit"
To eliminate some of vehicle types from entering a specific road, two or exceptionally three symbols can be put on the sign, e.g.:
Mandatory signs
C-12 "roundabout"
(or other circular movement; when used with A-7 sign vehicles driving on the roundabout have priority over vehicles approaching!)C-13 "cycleway"
C-16 "footway"
Combined signs C-13 and C-16 mean a way that is designated only for pedestrians and bicycles. Below are possible variants of the sign:
Information signs
D-1 "priority road"
(You have priority at all following crossroads until the end of the priority road.[3])D-3 "one-way road"
D-4a "no through road"
D-6 "pedestrian crossing"
D-7 "expressway"
D-9 "motorway"
(formerly used )D-11 "beginning of bus lane"
D-15 "bus stop"
D-16 "trolleybus stop"
D-17 "tram stop"
D-18 "parking"
D-18a "parking for buses"
D-18b "covered parking"
D-19 "taxi stand"
D-21 "hospital"
D-21a "police station"
D-23 "petrol station"
"petrol station with charging station for electric vehicles"[5]
D-23c "charging station for electric vehicles"[5]
D-24 "telephone"
D-25 "post office"
D-26a "vulcanization"
(Tyre service area)
(formerly used )D-26b "car wash"
D-26c "public toilet"
D-26d "shower"
D-28 "restaurant"
D-34b "collective information board"[5]
D-35 "underpass"
D-35a "escalator downwards"
D-37 "tunnel"
D-40 "living street"
D-42 "built-up area"
D-44 "paid parking zone or innercity paid parking zone"[5]
(with details – e.g. between the hours of [...] and [...])D-45 "end of paid parking zone or innercity paid parking zone"[5]
D-48 "change of priority"
(here: change to uncontrolled intersection)D-48a "change of priority"
(here: change to yield)D-49 "toll collections"
D-51 "automatic speed control"[6]
D-51a "automatic average speed control"[6]
D-51b "end of automatic average speed control"[6]
D-54 "clean transport zone"[7]
D-55 "end of clean transport zone"[7]
Directional signs
E-6 "signpost to the airport"
E-6a "signpost to railway station"
E-6b "signpost to bus station"
E-7 "signpost to landing or sailing"
E-8 "signpost to beach or bathing lake"
E-9 "signpost to museum"
E-15a "national road number"[4]
E-15b "voivodeship road number"[4]
E-15c "motorway number"
E-15d "expressway number"
E-15e "voivodeship road number; maximum allowed vehicle axle load increased to 10 tonnes"
E-15f "national road number; maximum allowed vehicle axle load increased to 10 tonnes"
E-15g "national road number; maximum allowed vehicle axle load increased to 8 tonnes"
E-16 "international route number"
E-17a "locality"
E-19 "bypass"
Complementary signs
EU Country border
(not a formal road sign)(placed on powiat border)
(placed on gmina border)
(placed on city county border)
F-4 "name of river"
F-8 "detour in connection of road closure"
F-14d "indicator sign on the expressway, placed in a distance of 300 m before the beginning of exit lane"[5]
F-14e "indicator sign on the expressway, placed in a distance of 200 m before the beginning of exit lane"[5]
F-14f "indicator sign on the expressway, placed in a distance of 100 m before the beginning of exit lane"[5]
Complementary plates
T-13 "plate indicating a road stretch that has ruts as deformations of road surface"
T-23d "plate indicating motor vehicles towing a trailer, except of vehicles drawing a one-axled trailer or semi-trailer"
T-23e "plate indicating vehicles towing a caravan"
T-31 "plate indicating tunnel category" (ADR)
T-33 "plate indicating fire extinguisher and emergency telephone in the lay by"
Additional signs
Additional signs before level crossing
Additional signs for tram drivers
BT-3 "switch lock"
Additional signs for bicycle routes
Additional signs for military vehicles drivers
Road markings
P-20 "private parking space"
(literally envelope)
Traffic signals
Traffic signals for drivers and pedestrians
Traffic signals for drivers of public transport vehicles on regular routes
Traffic safety devices
References
- ^ "Rozporządzenie Ministrów Infrastruktury oraz Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji w sprawie znaków i sygnałów drogowych" [Regulation of the Ministers of Infrastructure and Interior Affairs and Administration on road signs and signals]. Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish). No. 2310. 2019.
- ^ "United Nations Treaty Collection". treaties.un.org. Retrieved 2023-12-09.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Priority signs | Traffic signs: Poland". traffic-rules.com. Retrieved 2019-05-19.
- ^ a b c "Rozporządzenie Ministra Infrastruktury z dnia 8 marca 2021 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie szczegółowych warunków technicznych dla znaków i sygnałów drogowych oraz urządzeń bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego i warunków ich umieszczania na drogach" [Ordinance of the Minister of Infrastructure of 8 March 2021 amending the regulation on detailed technical conditions for road signs and signals and road safety devices and the conditions for their placement on roads]. Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish). No. 438. 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Rozporządzenie Ministrów Infrastruktury oraz Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji z dnia 12 października 2021 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie znaków i sygnałów drogowych" [Regulation of the Ministers of Infrastructure and Interior and Administration of October 12, 2021 amending the regulation on road signs and signals]. Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish). No. 2065. 2021.
- ^ a b c "Rozporządzenie Ministra Infrastruktury z dnia 12 lipca 2019 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie szczegółowych warunków technicznych dla znaków i sygnałów drogowych oraz urządzeń bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego i warunków ich umieszczania na drogach" [Ordinance of the Minister of Infrastructure of July 12, 2019 amending the regulation on detailed technical conditions for road signs and signals and road safety devices and the conditions for their placement on roads]. Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish). No. 1417. 2019.
- ^ a b "Rozporządzenie Ministra Infrastruktury z dnia 14 sierpnia 2018 r. zmieniające rozporządzenie w sprawie szczegółowych warunków technicznych dla znaków i sygnałów drogowych oraz urządzeń bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego i warunków ich umieszczania na drogach" [Ordinance of the Minister of Infrastructure of August 14, 2018 amending the regulation on detailed technical conditions for road signs and signals and road safety devices and the conditions for their placement on roads]. Dziennik Ustaw (in Polish). No. 1657. 2018.
External links
- Media related to Road signs in Poland at Wikimedia Commons