U.S. Route 97 in Washington

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This article is about the section of U.S. Route 97 in Washington. For the entire route, see U.S. Route 97.

U.S. Route 97

Map
US 97 highlighted in red.
Route information
Defined by RCW 47.17.155
Maintained by WSDOT
Length321.62 mi[1] (517.60 km)
Existed1926[2]–present
Tourist
routes
Major junctions
South end US 97 at the Oregon state line in Maryhill
Major intersections
North end Hwy 97 at the Canada–US border near Oroville
Location
CountryUnited States
StateWashington
CountiesKlickitat, Yakima, Kittitas, Chelan, Douglas, Okanogan
Highway system
← SR 96→ SR 99

U.S. Route 97 (US 97) in the U.S. state of Washington is a 322-mile (518 km) route which traverses from the Oregon state line at the northern end of the Sam Hill Memorial Bridge in Maryhill, north to the Canada–US border in Okanogan County near Oroville. The highway serves major cities such as Goldendale, Yakima, Ellensburg and Wenatchee before continuing towards the Alaska Highway at the Yukon border as British Columbia Highway 97. Along the length of the roadway, US 97 is concurrent with State Route 14 (SR 14) in Maryhill, Interstate 82 (I-82) and US 12 between Union Gap and Ellensburg, I-90 briefly in Ellensburg, US 2 between Peshastin and rural Douglas County and SR 20 near Omak. An alternate route connects the highway with Chelan.

The first segment of what is now US 97 in Washington to be included in the state highway system was a road extending from Wenatchee to Twisp, designated in 1897. Since, four early highways formed the modern route of the roadway: State Road 8, State Road 3, State Road 2 and State Road 10, all signed in 1923. The United States Numbered Highways were established in 1926 and US 97 was co-signed with all four state roads, including two concurrencies with US 410 and US 10. The state roads became Primary state highways in 1937, keeping their numbers from the previous system and US 10 was moved south in 1940 and its original alignment, including the concurrency, became US 2 in 1946. The Sam Hill Memorial Bridge, originally named the Biggs Rapids Bridge, was first opened on November 1, 1962, but the river has been crossed by a ferry at the same location since the early 1920s. During the 1964 highway renumbering, all four highways were replaced by US 97 and in 1956, the Interstate Highway System was established, including two highways (I-82 and I-90) concurrent with US 97. US 12 replaced US 410 during its extension west in 1967. In 1987, US 97 was moved across the Columbia River in Chelan County, establishing US 97 Alternate and decommissioning SR 151. Until 2006, US 197 was co-signed with SR 14 between Dallesport and Maryhill. The bridge deck was replaced between 2007 and 2009 and the bridge was closed in 2008. Five other minor projects, such as repavings and sidewalk additions, have already been completed, but eight projects have yet to be completed.

Route description

US 97 is a major highway in Washington that spans 322-mile (518.209 km) and consists of mostly two lanes;[1] it is undivided except for the sections that are in urban areas, such as Wenatchee, and concurrencies with I-82 and I-90.[3][4] The entire route from the Oregon state line to the Canada–US border is part of the National Highway System, a system of roadways classified as important to the nation's economy, defense and mobility.[5][6] At the southern terminus of the I-82 – US 12 concurrency in Union Gap, US 97 had an estimated daily average of 20,000 motorists in 2007, making it both the busiest segment of the highway in Washington and the fifth busiest segment of U.S. routes in Washington.[7] The busiest segment of US 97 in 1970 was at Main Street in Selah, with a daily average of 17,100 motorists.[8]

Oregon to Ellensburg

An aerial view of Maryhill, the first community on US 97, where the highway travels over the Columbia River on the Sam Hill Memorial Bridge, visible in the background.

US 97 enters Washington on the Sam Hill Memorial Bridge, which crosses the Columbia River between Biggs Junction, Oregon, and Maryhill, Washington. The bridge is immediately north of an interchange with I-84 and US 30 on the Oregon side of the river. After crossing the bridge, the highway turns east to serve Maryhill State Park and crosses over the BNSF Railway's Fallbridge Subdivision, a major railroad that also carries part of Amtrak's Empire Builder passenger service.[9][10] US 97 ascends from the Columbia River Gorge and turns north near a Stonehenge replica to intersect State Route 14 (SR 14),[11] a riverside highway between Vancouver and the Tri-Cities that US 97 briefly follows west in a concurrency.[3][12]

The highway leaves SR 14 and its spur route to continue northeast into the Columbia Hills by following Davies Pass, parallel to the historic Maryhill Loops Road.[13][14] US 97 reaches a plateau at the top of the hills and heads north, passing the Windy Point/Windy Flats and Big Horn wind farms and skirting the east side of Goldendale, where it intersects SR 142.[15] The highway passes Goldendale Observatory State Park and follows the Little Kickitat River northeast into the Simcoe Mountains, traversing a lodgepole pine forest and serving a small Greek Orthodox monastery and Brooks Memorial State Park.[16][17] It then crosses the Simcoe Mountains at Satus Pass, 3,107 feet (947 m) above sea level,[12] and enters the Yakama Indian Reservation.[3]

US 97 descends from the mountains by following Satus Creek northeast through the semi-arid steppe hills of southern Yakima County.[16] The highway makes a series of turns to cross a gap in the Toppenish Ridge and enter the Yakima Valley, passing through the Toppenish National Wildlife Refuge and irrigated farmland. US 97 then reaches the outskirts of Toppenish, where it intersects SR 22 and turns northwest onto a four-lane divided highway. The highway continues northwest around Wapato and follows a railroad on the south side of Yakima River, opposite from I-82. US 97 turns northeast to run along the river bank through a gap between the Ahtanum Ridge and Rattlesnake Hills and merges with I-82 south of the city of Union Gap. A triple concurrency is formed on the freeway, carrying I-82, US 97, and US 12 around the east side of Yakima and through a junction with SR 24.[3][12]

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I-82 and US 97 pass over Selah Creek on the Fred G. Redmon Bridge north of Selah.

US 12 leaves the concurrency at an interchange in northern Yakima to travel west towards White Pass while I-82/US 97 continues north across the Naches and Yakima rivers. The freeway crosses the rivers at a narrow gap in Selah Ridge and is separated by SR 823, which runs in the median and intersects I-82/US 97 on the south side of Selah. The freeway turns northeast and continues around Selah, intersecting SR 821 at the south end of the Yakima Canyon Highway. I-82/US 97 crosses Selah Creek on the Fred G. Redmon Bridge, a twinned concrete arch bridge that was the longest of its kind in the United States when it was built.[18] The freeway ascends the Umtanum and Manastash ridges as it passes near the Yakima Firing Center and through undeveloped areas. It then descends into the Kittitas Valley, intersecting SR 821 again and turning north to reach the terminus of I-82 at an interchange with I-90 southeast of Ellensburg.[3][12]

Ellensburg to Canada

US 97 turns west to overlap with I-90 as it bypasses Ellensburg and follows the Yakima River upstream towards the Cascade Range. The concurrency ends in the western outskirts of Ellensburg, as US 97 briefly uses a section of University Way before turning north at a roundabout. The highway turns northwest after crossing the BNSF Stampede Subdivision and reaches a junction with SR 10 near Thorp, where it turns north.[10] US 97 continues along a ridge with wind turbines and quarries at the edge of the Kittitas Valley and intersects SR 97 at Virden before entering the Wenatchee National Forest.[19] It then follows Swauk Creek as it ascends into the Wenatchee Mountains (part of the Cascade Range), passing several trailheads, campgrounds, and the former townsite of Liberty.[3][20]

The highway turns east to reach Blewett Pass, its highest point at 4,102 feet (1,250 m) above sea level, and crosses into Chelan County.[12] It then descends from the pass by following Tronsen and Peshastin creeks north into the Wenatchee Valley. US 97 reaches an interchange with US 2 near Peshastin and turns southeast to form a concurrency. The four-lane divided highway follows the Wenatchee River downstream through Dryden and around Cashmere towards the city of Wenatchee. North of the city, US 2/US 97 passes through interchanges with SR 285, the main connector into downtown Wenatchee, and US 97 Alternate (US 97A) as it turns east to cross the Columbia River on the Richard Odabashian Bridge.[3]

US 2/US 97 enters Douglas County and turns north at a junction with SR 28, which continues through East Wenatchee towards Quincy.[12] The highway follows the east side of the Columbia River, opposite from US 97A on the west side and along Badger Mountain, and passes the Rocky Reach Dam at the head of Lake Entiat and the adjacent Lincoln Rock State Park. US 2 leaves US 97 at a split junction in Orondo that includes a short spur route. The highway continues north and east along the Columbia River, passing Daroga State Park and several apple orchards on the edge of the Waterville Plateau. US 97 crosses the Columbia River on the Beebe Bridge near Chelan Falls and intersects SR 150, which connects to the city of Chelan on Lake Chelan.[3]

The highway re-enters Chelan County and follows the west bank of the Columbia River, merging with US 97A northeast of downtown Chelan. US 97 continues north, passing the Wells Dam at Azwell, and enters Okanogan County near Alta Lake State Park. It then intersects SR 153 before traveling through Pateros at the mouth of the Methow River. The highway continues northeast along the river to Brewster, where it intersects SR 173 before turning east towards Anderson Field. After a junction with SR 17 near the historic site of Fort Okanogan, US 97 turns north to follow the east bank of the Okanogan River in the Colville Indian Reservation. The highway travels along the river as it rounds Soap Lake Mountain, intersecting unsigned SR 213 near Malott, and reaches an intersection with SR 20 on the southern outskirts of Okanogan.[3]

US 97 and SR 20 form a concurrency as they bypass Okanogan and serve the county fairgrounds and 12 Tribes Omak Casino. The highway also bypasses Omak, intersecting SR 155 via its spur route, and crosses the Okanogan River to leave the Colville Indian Reservation. US 97/US 20 then intersects SR 215, which provides local access through Okanogan and Omak and is co-signed with a business route. The highway continues northeast to rejoin the river, following its west bank until the town of Riverside, where it splits to use Wagonroad Coulee. US 97 crosses the Okanogan River and follows its east bank into Tonasket, where the concurrency ends and SR 20 turns east to cross the Okanogan Highlands. The highway continues north along the river to another crossing near the mouth of the Similkameen River south of Oroville. US 97 travels through Oroville and along the west side of Osoyoos Lake to the 24-hour Oroville–Osoyoos crossing on the Canadian border, where it terminates.[12] Beyond the border, the roadway continues as British Columbia Highway 97, which serves several cities in the British Columbia Interior and later forms part of the Alaska Highway.[3][21]

History

Late 19th and early 20th centuries

The first segment of US 97 to be included in Washington's state highway system was a roadway extending from Wenatchee to Twisp, although the US 97 segment ended in Pateros, established in 1897.[22][23] In 1905, another road from Pateros to Okanogan was added to the system,[24] which would be extended to the Canada–US border in 1907. That roadway from Wenatchee to Canada, was named the Wenatchee-Oroville Road and numbered State Road 10. A different road, located along the Oregon state line on the Columbia River, was established as State Road 8, the Columbia River Road and ran north from Maryhill to Goldendale.[25]

Six years later, in 1913, State Road 7 was created on a Virden–Wenatchee route.[22] The Inland Empire Highway was established in 1915 and the section it overlapped with present-day US 97 ran from Buena northwest to Ellensburg.[26] State Road 2 replaced State Road 7 in 1919 and a branch, the Southern Division of the Sunset Highway, was established in 1919 and ran south from State Road 2 at Virden to Ellensburg.[27]

During the early 1920s, a ferry was established over the Columbia River between Biggs Junction, Oregon and Maryhill.[28] State Road 8 between Goldendale and Buena was established in 1923.[29] US 97 was established along with the rest of the U.S. routes in 1926, including US 10 and US 410, which were concurrent with US 97.[2] All state roads became Primary state highways in 1937 and they kept their numbers; a branch of Primary State Highway 8 (PSH 8) was also established, connecting the Maryhill ferry to PSH 8 in Maryhill.[30] Another concurrency was added in 1946, when US 2 was extended west, co-signed with US 97 between Peshastin and Wenatchee.[31][32]

Late 20th century

A panoramic view of the Sam Hill Memorial Bridge, which carries US 97 over the Columbia River into Oregon. The bridge opened on November 1, 1962, as the Biggs Rapids Bridge and the deck was replaced between October 2007 and March 2009.

On June 29, 1956, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956 into law, establishing a system of freeways that would later become the Interstate Highway System.[33][34] Included in the system were Interstate 82 (I-82) and I-90, which were to be concurrent with US 97.[35] The Biggs Rapids Bridge (later renamed to the Sam Hill Memorial Bridge) was opened on November 1, 1962, replacing the ferry that had been operating on the route since the early 1920s.[28][36] A new system of highways was introduced in 1964 and ultimately caused US 97 to replace the Primary state highways.[37]

US 410 was replaced by a western extension of US 12 in 1967, when the highway's western terminus was moved to Aberdeen.[38][39] In 1973, a segment of US 97 between Selah and Ellensburg was realigned east away from the Yakima River and onto I-82, while the former route became SR 821.[40] Between US 97 / US 10, which would later be decommissioned by 1970,[41] near Thorp and US 97 in Virden, there was a SR 131.[42] In 1975, US 97 replaced SR 131 and the old route became SR 10 and SR 970.[43][44] SR 131 would later be assigned on another route in the Randle area in 1991.[45] Within Selah, US 97 was also moved onto I-82 away from the city, so the old route became SR 823 in 1984.[46] Prior to 1987, US 97 ran on the west side of the Columbia River between Wenatchee and Chelan, while SR 151 ran on the east side.[47] US 97 was moved onto SR 151 in 1987 and the old US 97 became US 97 Alternate.[48]

Early 21st century

Beginning in 2006, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) has completed five construction projects on the US 97 corridor, ranging from a bridge deck replacement in Maryhill to repaving the roadway between Oroville area and Canada.[49] Construction on a three-part project to install guard rails on dangerous portions of the highway began on May 16, 2006.[50] The project was finished on August 17, 2006, and improved a 32-mile (51 km) segment near Blewett Pass, a 18-mile (29 km) section in the Colville Indian Reservation and a 20-mile (32.19 km) segment between Riverside and Oroville.[50][51]

Prior to October 5, 2006, US 197, an auxiliary route of US 97, ended at US 97, co-signed with SR 14, in Maryhill. On October 5, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) decommissioned US 197 between Dallesport and Maryhill.[52] Between 29 May and September 28, 2007, WSDOT repaved the roadway between Cordell, located south of Oroville, and the Canada–US border.[53][54] In July 2008, WSDOT completed installing guard rails on the road in Klickitat County.[55][56] Between August 11 and December 5, 2008, WSDOT added sidewalks and illumination along a 0.59-mile (0.95 km) long stretch of the highway between Main Street and SR 173 in Brewster.[57][58][59]

Since the opening of the Sam Hill Memorial Bridge in 1962, the bridge has used a lightweight concrete and asphalt bridge deck.[28][36] Now, the bridge is a heavily used truck route and requires a heavy concrete deck.[28] In late 2006, a replacement project was planned and the estimated $16 million USD cost was split between the governments of Washington and Oregon.[60] The whole bridge was replaced by WSDOT, including the Oregon side.[61] The project was accelerated to Fall 2007,[60] but the bridge wasn't closed until January 2, 2008.[62][63] During construction on January 15, approximately 8:00 (PST), a worker was seriously injured after an excavator fell into the Columbia River.[64][65] After the area was cleaned, the project resumed on January 23 and a worker died after falling off the bridge on February 26.[66][67] By April, half of the new deck was complete and the bridge was reopened on 19 May, at 18:00 (PST).[68][69] Although the bridge was reopened, it was once again closed on September 3 for more repairs.[70][71][72] The bridge was reopened on December 24 and all roadwork was completed on March 23, 2009.[73][74][75]

Future projects

As of 2009, eight projects on the corridor have not been completed yet and some are currently under construction.[76] Between April 27 and June 30,[77] completed the second phase of emergency flood repairs to US 97 at Blewett Pass because the 5 – January 6 floods washed out the roadway. The third and final phase is set to begin on August 17.[78][79] The Janis Bridge was first constructed and completed in 1957 and on June 15, 2009, a construction project to the rehabilitate the bridge deck begam. Construction will cease on July 27.[80][81] On June 22, construction began on a project to install a new traffic signal at the SR 155 intersection in Okanogan, two variable-message signs and two traffic cameras near the Canada–US border.[82][83] On July 27, WSDOT will start to fix an unstable slope north of Blewett Pass, 8 miles (13 km) south of the US 2 intersection.[84][85] Another project set to begin on July 27 to fix an unstable slope on US 97 near Blewett Pass.[86][87] WSDOT will add a passing lane on the highway at Blewett Pass in summer 2010.[88][89] The bridge over Satus Creek, located within the Yakama Indian Reservation in Klickitat County will be replaced in 2010.[90][91] A repaving project between Orondo and Chelan Falls has been put on hold until 2016, originally scheduled for 2010.[92][93]

Major intersections

CountyLocationmi[1]kmExit
[94][95]		DestinationsNotes
Columbia River0.00–
0.49		0.00–
0.79
 US 97 south		Continuation into Oregon
Sam Hill Memorial Bridge
KlickitatMaryhill2.383.83
 SR 14 east – Kennewick		Southern end of SR 14 overlap
2.804.51
 SR 14 west – Vancouver		Northern end of SR 14 overlap
Goldendale13.1621.18
 SR 142 west – Goldendale, Klickitat
YakimaToppenish61.3098.65
 SR 22 to I-82 – Toppenish, Mabton, Prosser
61.8499.52Fort Road – Fort Simcoe State ParkFormer WA 220
​75.99122.29—Main Street – Union GapInterchange; northbound exit and southbound entrance
​76.18122.6037

 I-82 west / US 12 west – Yakima		Southern end of I-82/US 12 overlap; southbound exit and northbound entrance
US 97 overlaps I-82 and US 12 (exits 37 to 31)
Yakima81.76131.5831
 US 12 west – Naches, White Pass		Northern end of US 12 overlap
US 97 overlaps I-82 (exit 31 to milepost 0.00)
Kittitas​113.99183.45110
 I-90 east – Vantage, Spokane

 I-82 ends		Northern end of I-82 overlap; southern end of I-90 overlap; no exit number northbound
Ellensburg114.50184.27109Canyon Road – Ellensburg
​118.80191.19106
 I-90 west – Seattle		Northern end of I-90 overlap
​121.51195.55
 SR 10 west – Cle Elum
​134.72216.81

 SR 970 west to I-90 – Cle Elum, Seattle
Chelan​170.05273.67
 US 2 west – Leavenworth, Stevens Pass, Everett		Southern end of US 2 overlap
​184.31296.62
 SR 285 south – Wenatchee		Interchange
​184.57297.04
 US 97 Alt. north – Entiat, Chelan		Interchange
Douglas​193.16310.86

 SR 28 east to I-90 – East Wenatchee, Quincy
​198.16318.91
 US 2 east – Waterville, Davenport, Spokane		Northern end of US 2 overlap
Chelan​220.26354.47
 SR 150 west – Chelan Falls, Chelan, Manson
​225.31362.60
 US 97 Alt. south – Chelan, Entiat
OkanoganPateros238.54383.89

 SR 153 north to SR 20 – Twisp, Winthrop
Brewster245.57395.21
 SR 173 south – Brewster, Bridgeport
​250.36402.92
 SR 17 south – Bridgeport, Grand Coulee Dam, Moses Lake
​271.33436.66


 SR 20 west / US 97 Bus. north – Okanogan, Twisp, Winthrop		Southern end of SR 20 overlap
Omak276.39444.81
 SR 155 south – Omak, Grand Coulee Dam
​277.47446.54


 SR 215 south / US 97 Bus. south – Omak
Tonasket299.97482.75
 SR 20 east – Republic		Northern end of SR 20 overlap
​321.62517.60 Hwy 97 north – OsoyoosContinuation into British Columbia
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Special routes

Alternate route

Main article: U.S. Route 97 Alternate

U.S. Route 97 Alternate

LocationWenatchee — Chelan
Existed1987–present

U.S. Route 97 Alternate (US 97 Alt.) is a 39.35-mile (63.33 km) long alternate route that extends from the US 97 / US 2 concurrency north of Wenatchee along the west side of the Columbia River to US 97 east of Chelan, completely in Chelan County.[1] The highway begins at a partial cloverleaf interchange with US 97 / US 2 north of Wenatchee and west of the Richard Odabashian Bridge over the Columbia River.[96] After leaving the interchange, the roadway parallels the eastern boundary of the Wenatchee National Forest to cross the Entiat River and pass Entiat before intersecting SR 971 twice, the second time being on the southern shores of Lake Chelan. The road continues east across the Chelan River into Chelan as various streets, such as Woodin Avenue, Webster Avenue and Saunders Street before intersecting SR 150, leaving Chelan, passing Lake Chelan Airport and ending at US 97.[97] In 1897, US 97 Alternate was a part of a Wenatchee–Twisp highway.[23] That highway became a part of US 97 in 1926 and later US 97 Alternate in 1987 when US 97 was moved east of the river over SR 151.[2][47][48] The busiest section of US 97 Alternate in 2007 was north of the US 97 / US 2 interchange, with a daily average of 9,700 motorists.[7]

Orondo spur

Spur plate.svg

U.S. Route 97 Spur

LocationOrondo

U.S. Route 97 Spur (US 97 Spur) is a 0.26-mile (0.42 km) long spur route that connects US 97 north of the terminus of the US 2 concurrency to US 2 east of the end of the concurrency, completely located in Orondo, a community in Douglas County.[1][98] The busiest section of US 97 Spur in 2007 was at the US 97 intersection, with a daily average of 250 motorists.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Washington State Department of Transportation (2006). "State Highway Log: Planning Report, SR 2 to SR 971" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 10, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
  2. ^ a b c Bureau of Public Roads & American Association of State Highway Officials (November 11, 1926). United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). 1:7,000,000. Washington, DC: United States Geological Survey. OCLC 32889555. Retrieved November 7, 2013 – via Wikimedia Commons.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Google (December 18, 2021). "U.S. Route 97 in Washington" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  4. ^ Washington State Highways, 2008–2009 (PDF) (Map) (2008–09 ed.). 1:842,000. Cartography by United States Geological Survey. Washington State Department of Transportation. 2008. § F8. Retrieved July 5, 2009.
  5. ^ "The National Highway System". Federal Highway Administration. August 27, 2008. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
  6. ^ National Highway System: Washington (PDF) (Map). United States Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. 2004. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
  7. ^ a b c Washington State Department of Transportation (2007). "2007 Annual Traffic Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 26, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
  8. ^ Washington State Highway Commission, Department of Highways (1970). "Annual Traffic Report, 1970" (PDF). Washington State Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 25, 2008. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
  9. ^ Washington State Rail System (PDF) (Map). Cartography by United States Geological Survey. Washington State Department of Transportation. 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
  10. ^ a b BNSF Subdivisions (PDF) (Map). BNSF Railway. September 1, 2011. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  11. ^ Hewitt, Scott (September 22, 2021). "Columbia River Gorge Stonehenge added to National Register of Historic Places". The Columbian. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g Washington State Department of Transportation (2014). Washington State Highways, 2014–2015 (PDF) (Map). 1:842,000. Olympia: Washington State Department of Transportation. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  13. ^ "SR 14: Junction SR 14 Couplet/SR 97/SR 97 Couplet" (PDF). Interchange Viewer. Washington State Department of Transportation. September 17, 2004. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
  14. ^ Richard, Terry (January 1, 2011). "3 inches of fresh snow makes magic on Maryhill Loops Road". The Oregonian. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  15. ^ Durbin, Kathie (October 11, 2010). "Wind farms growing along Columbia River Gorge". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on October 15, 2010. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  16. ^ a b Mueller, Marge; Mueller, Ted (2004). Washington State Parks: A Complete Recreation Guide (3rd ed.). Mountaineers Books. pp. 231–233, 293–294. ISBN 0-89886-893-9. OCLC 55800990. Retrieved December 18, 2021 – via Google Books.
  17. ^ "Nuns live life of seclusion in remote Washington monastery". The Daily News. Associated Press. November 4, 2006. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  18. ^ Meyers, Donald W. (May 5, 2017). "It Happened Here: Interstate 82 bridge named for local road builder". Yakima Herald-Republic. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  19. ^ Johnston, Mike (April 6, 2011). "At Kittitas Valley project, turbines don't always turn". The Daily Record. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  20. ^ Jackson, Kristin (October 18, 1994). "Traveling smart—Close to home—Blewett Pass Highway: Sidetrip into a slower era". The Seattle Times. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  21. ^ "Transportation Concept Report: U.S. Route 97" (PDF). California Department of Transportation. October 2003. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 2, 2010. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
  22. ^ a b State Roads As Established by Legislature, 1893 to 1935 (PDF) (Map). Washington State Department of Transportation. 1893–1935. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 6, 2005. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
  23. ^ a b Washington State Legislature (March 18, 1897). "Chapter 115". Session Laws of the State of Washington. Session Laws of the State of Washington (1897 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. p. 481. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
  24. ^ Washington State Legislature (March 13, 1905). "Chapter 174". Session Laws of the State of Washington. Session Laws of the State of Washington (1905 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. p. 355. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
  25. ^ Washington State Legislature (March 13, 1907). "Chapter 151: Providing for the Establishment, Construction and Maintenance of State Roads and Making Appropriations For Certain State Roads". Session Laws of the State of Washington. Session Laws of the State of Washington (1907 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. pp. 310–311. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
  26. ^ Washington State Legislature (March 19, 1915). "Chapter 164: Classification of Public Highways". Session Laws of the State of Washington. Session Laws of the State of Washington (1915 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. p. 485. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
  27. ^ Washington State Legislature (March 14, 1919). "Chapter 110". Session Laws of the State of Washington. Session Laws of the State of Washington (1919 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. p. 267. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
  28. ^ a b c d Priscilla Long (June 11, 2006). "Biggs Rapids/Sam Hill Memorial Bridge, spanning the Columbia at Maryhill, opens on November 1, 1962". HistoryLink. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
  29. ^ Washington State Legislature (March 19, 1923). "Chapter 185: Primary and Secondary Highways". Session Laws of the State of Washington. Session Laws of the State of Washington (1923 ed.). Olympia, Washington. pp. 628–630. Retrieved July 7, 2009.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  30. ^ Washington State Legislature (March 17, 1937). "Chapter 190: Establishment of Primary State Highways". Session Laws of the State of Washington. Session Laws of the State of Washington (1937 ed.). Olympia, Washington: Washington State Legislature. pp. 934–935, 937–939. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
  31. ^ Northwest, 1946 (Map). Rand McNally. 1946. p. 16. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
  32. ^ Richard F. Weingroff (January 30, 2008). "U.S. 2: Houlton, Maine, to Everett, Washington". United States Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
  33. ^ Richard F. Weingroff (December 22, 2008). "The Greatest Decade 1956-1966, Celebrating the 50TH Anniversary of the Eisenhower Interstate System; Part 1: Essential to the National Interest". United States Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
  34. ^ Weingroff, Richard F. (January–February 2006). "The Year of the Interstate". Public Roads. United States Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. 69 (4). Retrieved July 8, 2009.
  35. ^ The National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (Map). United States Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. October 1, 1970. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
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  49. ^ Washington State Department of Transportation (2009). "Agency Projects: Completed Projects for US 97". Retrieved July 9, 2009.
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  51. ^ US 97 – Kittitas, Chelan, and Okanogan Counties Roadside Safety Improvement (Map). Cartography by Tele Atlas. Washington State Department of Transportation. 2005. Retrieved July 9, 2009.
  52. ^ American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (October 5, 2006). "An Application from the State Highway or Transportation Department of Washington for US 197" (PDF). Retrieved July 9, 2009.
  53. ^ Washington State Department of Transportation (2007). "US 97 – Oroville Vincity – Paving – Complete September 2007". Retrieved July 9, 2009.
  54. ^ US 97 – Oroville Vincity Paving (Map). Cartography by Tele Atlas. Washington State Department of Transportation. 2005. Retrieved July 9, 2009.
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  57. ^ Washington State Department of Transportation (2008). "US 97 – Brewster – Pedestrian Illumination – Complete December 2008". Retrieved July 9, 2009.
  58. ^ US 97 Brewster Pedestrian Illumination (Map). Washington State Department of Transportation. 2008. Retrieved July 9, 2009.
  59. ^ Schweizer, Cheryl (September 11, 2008). "Sidewalks next step in Highway 97 construction". Quad City Herald. Brewster, Washington. Retrieved July 9, 2009.
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  61. ^ US 97 – Biggs Rapids–Sam Hill Bridge Deck Replacement – Project Area (Map). Washington State Department of Transportation. 2009. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
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  63. ^ Tams, Chris; Bateman, Alissa (November 8, 2007). "US 97, Biggs Bridge Project Begins in December, Complete Closure Begins January 2". Goldendale, Washington: Washington State Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on December 25, 2008. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  64. ^ "Worker seriously injured when excavator plunges off Biggs Rapids Bridge into the Columbia". The Oregonian. OregonLive.com. January 15, 2008. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  65. ^ Ross, Sylvia; Redfield, Joye; Mowat Construction; Fisher, Elaine (January 16, 2008). "Clean Up Efforts, Investigation Continues after Biggs Bridge Work Zone Accident". Goldendale, Washington: Washington State Department of Transportation. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  66. ^ Tams, Chris; Ross, Sylvia (January 23, 2008). "Construction on Biggs Bridge Resumes January 23". Goldendale, Washington: Washington State Department of Transportation. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
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  68. ^ Tams, Chris; Wright, Jermey (April 2, 2008). "Important Mileston Reached on US 97 – Biggs Bridge Project". Goldendale, Washington: Washington State Department of Transportation. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  69. ^ Tams, Chris; Wright, Jermey (May 19, 2008). "Sam Hill – Biggs Rapids Bridge to Re-Open Today, May 19, at 6 p.m." Goldendale, Washington: Washington State Department of Transportation. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
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  77. ^ Adamson, Jeff; Andreini, Mike (April 10, 2009). "WSDOT awards US 97 Blewett Pass emergency flood repair contract". Wenatchee, Washington: Washington State Department of Transportation. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  78. ^ Washington State Department of Transportation (2009). "US 97 – Blewett Pass Emergency Flood Repair Stages 2 – 3". Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  79. ^ Blewett Pass Emergency Flood Repair Stage 2 (Map). Washington State Department of Transportation. 2009. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
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  88. ^ Washington State Department of Transportation (2009). "US 97 – Blewett Pass – Passing Lane". Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  89. ^ US 97 Blewett Passing Lane Map (Map). Washington State Department of Transportation. 2009. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
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  92. ^ Washington State Department of Transportation (2009). "US 97 – Orondo Northward Paving". Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  93. ^ US 97 – Orondo Northward Paving (Map). Washington State Department of Transportation. 2009. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
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