Template:Find sources multi/doc/template

This template produces a series of links to various search interfaces to help find additional reference material for articles. It is based on the {{find sources multi}} meta-template. This template should not be used in articles themselves - see Wikipedia:EL#Links normally to be avoided.

Usage

The first parameter is the main search term, which will be treated as a literal string if multi-part (e.g. Albert Einstein will be searched as the single string "Albert Einstein" not "Albert" and "Einstein" separately).

Optional subsequent parameters (up to 4) are additional search terms. They can be enclosed in double quotation marks, preceded by an unspaced - (hyphen) to exclude them from the search results, or both (e.g. -"Marilyn Monroe" to exclude matches containing the phrase "Marilyn Monroe", but not either name by itself, from the search results). You do not need to add -wikipedia, as the template automatically does this for you. Also, there is no need to add words in plural form unless irregular, as the search interface will match (for example) billiards as well given a search term of billiard.

If no parameters are given, the name of the article is passed as the search string. Note that this may or may not be desirable with disambiguated article names (if the Wikipedia disambiguator is sensible, however, it may actually help refine the search results).

Search engines

The template includes links to the following search engines:

• Google, the flagship search engine from Google Inc.
• Google News, Google's search engine for news sites.
• Google Books, Google's search engine for books.
• Google Scholar, Google's search engine for academic papers and other scholarly research.
• JSTOR, an online library containing digitised versions of academic journals. Requires a subscription.
• Google Images, Google's search engine for images. Only images compatible with Wikipedia's licensing are included.
• The Internet Archive, a digital library of public websites.
• Bing, Microsoft's flagship search engine.
• Google News, Google's search engine for news sites. Only recent news stories will be searched for.
• The website of The New York Times, a highly respected newspaper.
• DuckDuckGo, a search engine that uses information from crowd-sourced websites (such as Wikipedia) to provide its results.
• Google Newspapers, a search of Google's digital archive of print newspapers.

Examples

• Default search:

{{Find sources multi/all}}

produces:

Google · Google Books · Google Scholar · JSTOR · Free Google Images · Archive.org · Bing · Google News recent · New York Times · DuckDuckGo · Google Newspapers

• Simple search:

{{Find sources multi/all|Albert Einstein}}

produces:

Google · Google Books · Google Scholar · JSTOR · Free Google Images · Archive.org · Bing · Google News recent · New York Times · DuckDuckGo · Google Newspapers

• Complex search:

{{Find sources multi/all|Albert Einstein|physics|-"Marilyn Monroe"|relativity|science}}

produces:

Google · Google Books · Google Scholar · JSTOR · Free Google Images · Archive.org · Bing · Google News recent · New York Times · DuckDuckGo · Google Newspapers

See also

• {{Refideas}} - template to include links to possible sources
• {{Search}} - the original search template on which this template was based
• {{Search for}} - a multi-purpose search engine sidebar

• Wikipedia:WikiProject User scripts/Scripts/Search links
• WP:Find
• Wikipedia:Template messages/Cleanup/Verifiability and sources

Template documentation

This template is used to provide documentation for templates that use the {{find sources multi}} meta-template. It is called by {{find sources multi/template}} if the |doc= parameter in that template is set to yes. Template shortcuts can be set in this template - just add your template name and the desired shortcut code in the same style as the examples at the top, and additional categories can be specified on the /doc subpage of the individual templates. If further customization is desired, it is possible to substitute this template - see below.

Substitution

This template can be substituted onto the /doc subpage of the individual templates based on {{find sources multi}}. Substitution has the advantage that the documentation can be altered freely, but the disadvantage that updates and improvements to this template will no longer have any effect. To substitute this template, take the following steps:

First, on the template page, remove the |doc= parameter (or set it to |doc=no). Then use the {{documentation}} template like this:

<!--Last line of the find sources multi code--><noinclude>

{{documentation}}
<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage and interwikis in Wikidata, not here! -->
</noinclude>

Then, create the /doc subpage with the following content, filling in the parameters as relevant:

{{subst:find sources multi/doc/template
|inarticle = <!-- set to "yes" if the "inarticle" parameter is used -->
|free      = <!-- set to "yes" if the "free" parameter is used -->
|introlink = <!-- the link code for the "introlink" parameter -->
|category  = yes <!-- this generates the template category -->
|link1     = <!-- the link code for the first link; this is required -->
|link2     = <!-- link2 - link20 should contain the link codes for the other links -->
|link3     = 
|link4     = 
|link5     = 
|link6     = 
|link7     = 
|link8     = 
|link9     = 
|link10    = 
|link11    = 
|link12    = 
|link13    = 
|link14    = 
|link15    = 
|link16    = 
|link17    = 
|link18    = 
|link19    = 
|link20    = 
}}

Parameters

• inarticle - If the template being documented has set the |inarticle= parameter, please set |inarticle=yes.
• free - If the template being documented uses the |free= parameter, please set |free=yes.
• link1 - The link code for the first link. This parameter is required.
• link2, link3 ... link20 - The link codes for the other links.

Here are the possible values for the link parameters:

Code	Aliases	Preview	Search engine description	Subtemplate	Notes
g	google	Google	Google, the flagship search engine from Google Inc.	Template:Find sources multi/g
gnews	gn	Google News	Google News, Google's search engine for news sites.	Template:Find sources multi/gnews	Can be used with |free=yes to return free results only. Google News search does not work as of December 2013.
gbooks	gb	Google Books	Google Books, Google's search engine for books.	Template:Find sources multi/gbooks
gscholar	gs	Google Scholar	Google Scholar, Google's search engine for academic papers and other scholarly research.	Template:Find sources multi/gscholar
jstor		JSTOR	JSTOR, an online library containing digitised versions of academic journals. Requires a subscription.	Template:Find sources multi/jstor
gfreeimages	gfi	Free Google Images	Google Images, Google's search engine for images. Only images compatible with Wikipedia's licensing are included.	Template:Find sources multi/gfreeimages
archive	ia	Archive.org	The Internet Archive, a digital library of public websites.	Template:Find sources multi/archive
bing	msbooks, msacademic	Bing	Bing, Microsoft's flagship search engine.	Template:Find sources multi/bing	This is a replacement for MS Books and MS Academic, which unfortunately have been discontinued by Microsoft.
gnewsrecent	gnr	Google News recent	Google News, Google's search engine for news sites. Only recent news stories will be searched for.	Template:Find sources multi/gnewsrecent
nyt	nytrecent, nytold	New York Times	The website of The New York Times, a highly respected newspaper.	Template:Find sources multi/nyt	This is a replacement for the NYT Recent and NYT Old searches; these two searches have now been combined into one search interface on the NYT website.
ddg		DuckDuckGo	DuckDuckGo, a search engine that uses information from crowd-sourced websites (such as Wikipedia) to provide its results.	Template:Find sources multi/ddg
gnewspapers	gnewspaper, gnp	Google Newspapers	Google Newspapers, a search of Google's digital archive of print newspapers.	Template:Find sources multi/gnewspapers

The examples on this page use {{find sources multi/all}}, and the search engine descriptions are taken from {{find sources multi/linkinfo}}.

Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages.
Subpages of this template.