Template:Cite document/doc

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Citation Style 1 templates
{{Cite AV media}}audio and visual media
{{Cite book}}books and chapters
{{Cite CiteSeerX}}CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}conference papers
{{cite document}}short, stand-alone, offline documents
{{Cite encyclopedia}}edited collections
{{Cite episode}}radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}interviews
{{Cite journal}}academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}maps
{{Cite news}}news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}online newsgroups
{{Cite press release}}press releases
{{Cite report}}reports
{{Cite sign}}signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}speeches
{{Cite tech report}}technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}theses
{{Cite web}}web sources not covered by the above
See alsoSpecific-source templates
Citation Style 1 wrapper templates

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for short, stand-alone, off-line documents. When citing an article in a periodical, use {{cite journal}}, {{cite magazine}}, or {{cite periodical}}. For conference papers, use {{cite conference}}. For edited collections, use {{cite encyclopedia}}. For theses, use {{cite thesis}}. To cite online sources when none of the other cs1 templates are suitable, use {{cite web}}.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then purge the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format
{{cite document |last= |first= |author-link= |date= |title= |location= |publisher= |page=}}


Most commonly used parameters in vertical format
{{cite document
	| last        = 
	| first       = 
	| author-link = 
	| date        = 
	| title       = 
	| location    = 
	| publisher   = 
	| page        = <!-- or pages: -->
	| isbn        = 
}}


Full parameter set in horizontal format

{{cite document |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |last3= |first3= |author-link3= |last4= |first4= |author-link4= |last5= |first5= |author-link5= |display-authors= |author-mask1= |author-mask2= |author-mask3= |author-mask4= |author-mask5= |translator-last1= |translator-first1= |translator-link1= |translator-last2= |translator-first2= |translator-link2= |translator-last3= |translator-first3= |translator-link3= |translator-last4= |translator-first4= |translator-link4= |translator-last5= |translator-first5= |translator-link5= |display-translators= |translator-mask1= |translator-mask2= |translator-mask3= |translator-mask4= |translator-mask5= |name-list-style= |date= |year= |orig-date= |title= |script-title= |trans-title= |title-link= |type= |language= |location= |publisher= |page= |pages= |at= |no-pp= |bibcode= |bibcode-access= |doi= |doi-access= |doi-broken-date= |hdl= |hdl-access= |jfm= |mr= |osti= |osti-access= |zbl= |id= |quote= |script-quote= |trans-quote= |quote-page= |quote-pages= |mode= |postscript= |ref=}}

Full parameter set in vertical format
Parameters Prerequisites Brief instructions / notes Vertical list
last1 Author's last name or single name author. Don't link.
{{cite book
 |last1                =
 |first1               =
 |author-link1         =
 |last2                =
 |first2               =
 |author-link2         =
 |last3                =
 |first3               =
 |author-link3         =
 |last4                =
 |first4               =
 |author-link4         =
 |last5                =
 |first5               =
 |author-link5         =
 |display-authors      =
 |author-mask1         =
 |author-mask2         =
 |author-mask3         =
 |author-mask4         =
 |author-mask5         =
 |translator-last1     =
 |translator-first1    =
 |translator-link1     =
 |translator-last2     =
 |translator-first2    =
 |translator-link2     =
 |translator-last3     =
 |translator-first3    =
 |translator-link3     =
 |translator-last4     =
 |translator-first4    =
 |translator-link4     =
 |translator-last5     =
 |translator-first5    =
 |translator-link5     =
 |display-translators  =
 |translator-mask1     =
 |translator-mask2     =
 |translator-mask3     =
 |translator-mask4     =
 |translator-mask5     =
 |name-list-style      =
 |date                 =
 |year                 =
 |orig-date            =
 |title                =
 |script-title         =
 |trans-title          =
 |title-link           =
 |type                 =
 |language             =
 |location             =
 |publisher            =
 |page                 =
 |pages                =
 |at                   =
 |no-pp                =
 |bibcode              =
 |bibcode-access       =
 |doi                  =
 |doi-access           =
 |doi-broken-date      =
 |hdl                  =
 |hdl-access           =
 |jfm                  =
 |mr                   =
 |osti                 =
 |osti-access          =
 |zbl                  =
 |id                   =
 |quote                =
 |script-quote         =
 |trans-quote          =
 |quote-page           =
 |quote-pages          =
 |mode                 =
 |postscript           =
 |ref                  =
}}
first1 last1 Author's first name. Don't link.
author-link1 last1 Title of Wikipedia article about the first author. Don't link.
last2 last1 Like last1, but for 2nd author.
first2 last2 Like first1, but for 2nd author.
author-link2 last2 Like author-link1, but for 2nd author.
last3 last2 Like last1, but for 3rd author.
first3 last3 Like first1, but for 3rd author.
author-link3 last3 Like author-link1, but for 3rd author.
last4 last3 Like last1, but for 4th author.
first4 last4 Like first1, but for 4th author.
author-link4 last4 Like author-link1, but for 4th author.
last5 last4 Like last1, but for 5th author. Similar: last6, etc.
first5 last5 Like first1, but for 5th author. Similar: first6, etc.
author-link5 last5 Like author-link1, but for 5th author. Similar: author-link6, etc.
display-authors last1 Number (number of authors displayed) or etal (more authors)
author-mask1 last1 See Display options below; not for lists of cited works
author-mask2 last2
author-mask3 last3
author-mask4 last4
author-mask5 last5
translator-last1 Like last1, but for translator
translator-first1 translator-last1 Like first1, but for translator
translator-link1 translator-last1 Like author-link1, but for translator
translator-last2 translator-last1 Like last1, but for 2nd translator. Similar: translator-last3, etc.
translator-first2 translator-last2 Like first1, but for 2nd translator. Similar: translator-first3, etc.
translator-link2 translator-last2 Like author-link1, but for 2nd transl. Similar: translator-link3, ...
display-translators translator-last1 Like display-authors, but for translators
translator-mask1 translator-last1 See Display options below; not for lists of cited works
translator-mask2 translator-last2
name-list-style last2 Set to amp or ampersand to separate the last author with " & "; set to and to separate with " and "
date
year
orig-date date or year
title
script-title
trans-title title or script-title
title-link title or script-title Name of a Wikipedia article about the work. Do not use if "url" is provided
type
language
location publisher
publisher
page choose one: "page", "pages", or "at"
pages choose one: "page", "pages", or "at". Use when content on multiple pages supports the article text.
at choose one: "page", "pages", or "at"
no-pp page or pages set no-pp to "yes" to suppress the "p." or "pp." before page numbers
bibcode
doi
doi-broken-date doi
hdl
jfm
mr
osti
zbl
id
quote
script-quote
trans-quote
quote-page choose one: "quote-page", "quote-pages"
quote-pages choose one: "quote-page", "quote-pages". Use when quote contains contents from multiple pages.
mode cs1 or cs2
postscript
ref
If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.

Examples

Basic usage (single author)

  • {{cite document |last=Bloggs |first=Joe |date=1974 |title=Secondary reprocessing of barn floor sweepings |type=Pamphlet |publisher=Acme University Agriculture Extension}}
    Bloggs, Joe (1974). "Secondary reprocessing of barn floor sweepings" (Pamphlet). Acme University Agriculture Extension. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

Parameters

Syntax

Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters:

  • parent
  • OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent
    • child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used)
    • OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used)
Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show.

COinS

This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. See Wikipedia:COinS. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text:

  • use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September)

Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example &nbsp;, &ndash;, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata.

COinS metadata is created for these parameters

Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page.

  • |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary=
  • |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section=
  • |title=, |script-title=, |book-title=
  • |publication-place=, |place=, |location=
  • |date=, |year=, |publication-date=
  • |series=, |version=
  • |volume=, |issue=, |number=
  • |page=, |pages=, |at=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages=
  • |edition=
  • |publisher=, |institution=
  • |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url=
  • |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#=
  • |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#=
  • |degree=
  • |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl=

What's new

What's new or changed recently
Parameter Description Date
|author-given= added aliases (including enumerated forms) for |author-first= October 2020
|author-surname= added aliases (including enumerated forms) for |author-last= October 2020
|display-subjects= added alias for |display-authors= for usage with |subject= October 2020
|interviewer-given= added aliases (including enumerated forms) for |interviewer-first= October 2020
|interviewer-surname= added aliases (including enumerated forms) for |interviewer-last= October 2020
|orig-date= added canonical form for alias |orig-year= October 2020
|quote-page= added single page specifier for |quote= October 2020
|quote-pages= added multiple pages specifier for |quote= October 2020
|sbn= added identifier parameter for Standard Book Numbers April 2020
|script-quote= added non-Latin script text facility for |quote= October 2020
|subject-mask= added aliases (including enumerated forms) to |author-mask= for usage with |subject= October 2020
|s2cid= added identifier parameter for Semantic Scholar corpus ID April 2020
|s2cid-access= added access-icon parameter for |s2cid= April 2020
|title-link= added special tokens none/doi/pmc to override/disable auto-linking ({{cite journal}} only) October 2020
|trans-quote= added translated text facility for |quote= October 2020
accept-this-as-written-markup added for |doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, |sbn= October 2020

Deprecated

{{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|deprecated_params_table}} {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|deleted_params_table}}

Description

Authors

  • last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1.
    • author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author.
    • first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M. Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty. Use generational and regnal suffixes only in accordance with MOS:JRSR and use honorifics only in accordance with MOS:HON.
    • OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). See the display parameters to change how many authors are displayed. Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=....
    • author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink.
    • OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link.
    • name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters.
  • vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate:
    |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal
    • author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above
  • authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last.
  • translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1.
    • translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1.
    • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn.
    • translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link.
    • OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link.
  • collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list.
  • Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link.

Date

  • date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations.[date 1] Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. For acceptable date formats, see Help:Citation Style 1 § Dates.
For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900.

For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d.
The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added.
Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details.
  • year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter is discouraged; use the more flexible |date= parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met:
    1. The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD.
    2. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator.
  • orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year
  • df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these:
    dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified;
    mdy – as above for month day, year format
    ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
    dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format;
    mdy-all – as above for month day, year format
    ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD
  1. ^ Publication dates in references within an article should all have the same format. This may be a different format from that used for archive and access dates. See MOS:DATEUNIFY.

Title

(See also Help:Citation Style 1 § Titles and chapters.)

  • title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in italics. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title.
    • script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended.
Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded.
newline [ ] |
space &#91; &#93; {{!}} (preferred)
{{bracket|text}} &#124; or {{pipe}}see also Help:Table § Rendering the pipe
  • title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink.
  • type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword none can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium.
  • language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang

Publisher

  • publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Displays after title.
  • location: Geographical location of publication; generally not wikilinked. Displays after the title. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Alias: place.

In-source locations

  • page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12 to |pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias: p.
  • OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes.
    Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use |at=, like this: |at=pp. 3-1&ndash;3-15. Alias: pp.
    • no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages=passim.
  • OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=.
    Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse.
  • For |quote-page= and |quote-pages= used in conjunction with |quote=, see here.

Anchor

  • ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: none. See Template:Citation/doc § Anchors for Harvard referencing templates.

Identifiers

  • id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an external link template as applicable. For example, |id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}} to append NCJ 122967 instead.

The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier.

In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, |doi= supports a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |doi=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message.

For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter.

Quote

  • quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote.
    • script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script:
      ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ...
    • trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none.
  • quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=, |pages= or |at=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none.
  • OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages= or |at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none.

Display options

  • mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript.
  • author-mask:
  • translator-mask:
    Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |author-maskn=) to apply the mask to a specific name.
  • display-authors:
  • display-translators:
    Controls the number of names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, set display-authors and/or display-translators to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of translators). Likewise, |display-translators=2 will display only the first two translators (and all authors). |display-authors=0 and |display-translators=0 are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or translators including the et al. By default, all authors and translators are displayed. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none.
  • postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message. |postscript= is ignored if quote is defined.

This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information.