S-1 (Georgia)
საერთაშორისო 1 (Georgian) | ||||
Tbilisi-Senaki-Leselidze | ||||
Route information | ||||
Part of and | ||||
Part of | ||||
Length | 542.7 km[1] (337.2 mi) Actual length 537 km (334 mi) | |||
Major junctions | ||||
East end | Tbilisi | |||
S-9 ( ) S-3 ( ) | ||||
West end | Russian border | |||
Location | ||||
Georgia | ||||
Municipalities | Tbilisi, Mtskheta, Kaspi, Gori, Kareli, Khashuri, Kharagauli, Zestafoni, Terjola, Tsqaltubo, Samtredia, Abasha, Senaki, Khobi, Zugdidi, Gali, Ochamchire, Gulripshi, Sokhumi, Gudauta, Gagra | |||
Major cities | Tbilisi, Gori, Kutaisi, Zugdidi, Sokhumi | |||
Highway system | ||||
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The S-1 route (Georgian: საერთაშორისო მნიშვნელობის გზა ს-1, Saertashoriso mnishvnelobis gza S-1, road of international importance S-1), also known as Tbilisi-Senaki-Leselidze (Russian border)), is a 542.7 kilometers (337.2 mi) long "road of international importance" within the Georgian road network, which makes it the longest Georgian highway route.[1]
The highway starts in Tbilisi and runs via Gori, Khashuri, Zestaponi, Samtredia, Senaki, Zugdidi and Sukhumi to the border with Russia near Leselidze at the northwestern tip of the country. Northwest of Zugdidi the highway passes through Russian occupied breakaway Abkhazia. Crossing into Abkhazia from Georgian controlled territory and vice versa via the Enguri Bridge is not possible by car. The S-1 is part of European E60, E97 and E117 routes and Asian Highways AH5, AH81 and AH82, and connects with six other S-routes.
The road reaches its highest point of 910 m (2,990 ft) above sea level at the southern portal of the Rikoti Tunnel, which opened in 1982. The majority of the S-1 highway in Georgian controlled territory has been reconstructed as 2x2 motorway/expressway since 2006, specifically between Tbilisi and Samtredia. The segment west of Samtredia and in Abkhazia are entirely a two-lane highway.
Route description
The Georgian "Law on motor roads" stipulates that the reference point for the mileage of roads leaving Tbilisi is Freedom Square.[2] This makes Freedom Square the reference point of the mileage of the S-1 reflected in the tables below and the mileage markers along the road, but it is not necessarily its actual starting point. The speed limit on motorway sections is 110 km/h (70 mph) and 90 km/h (55 mph) on dual-lane highway sections, with the exception of passage through towns and villages (60 km/h (35 mph), may vary locally) and within the Tbilisi city limits (60 to 80 km/h or 35 to 50 mph).
Tbilisi — Khashuri
The S-1 starts in the capital Tbilisi of Georgia. Heading north the highway runs along the right bank of the Kura (Mtkvari) river in a 2x3 lane configuration with a speed limit of 60 km/h (37 mph). Within the city limits the road represents a thoroughfare and tends to get crowded, with jamming on parts throughout the day. After passing the Saburtalo neighbourhood on the left hand side, the road widens to 2x4 lanes with a wide median and diverts from the river bank. Here, the speed limit is 80 km/h (50 mph). Along the Dighomi city district the median is used for U-turns. After passing the Tbilisi Mall at the northern tip of the city and a tight left turn to Mtskheta, the road leaves the city of Tbilisi and becomes a 2x2 expressway/motorway.
The road crosses the Kura river and passes the town of Mtskheta, the former capital of the Georgian Kingdom of Iberia. On the right hand side is the Jvari Monastery, the site of Georgia's 4th century Christian conversion. The highway follows the Aragvi River for a few miles and after the junction with the S-3 highway to Kazbegi and Russia, the road turns West through the Mukhrani plain. From this point westward the highway has been upgraded since 2006 to motorway within the East-West Highway project. At Igoeti a rise separates the Mukhrani plain from the main part of the Shida Kartli Plain. The highway continues through the Shida Kartli plain with the Kvernakebi Range on the left hand side and the foothills of South Ossetia on the right, which is occupied by Russia. At the village Nadarbazevi the highway runs only a few hundred yards from the occupation line.
At the city of Gori the highway crosses the S-10 highway, which formally goes to Russia through South Ossetia. While the South Ossetian capital Tskhinvali is signposted it cannot be reached by road. After the Gori exit, the highway crosses the Liakhvi river via an 880 m (0.55 mi) long bridge and then climbs to the 800 m (0.50 mi) long Gori tunnel, which runs through a minor ridge on the West bank of the Liakhvi river. On either side of the twin-tube tunnel European styled highway service stations were opened in 2011, a premiere for Georgia at the time. After the tunnel the highway navigates down to the Kura river and follows it through the Shida Kartli plain until Khashuri. Various bypasses around towns have been constructed here in recent years. East of Khashuri the highway climb to the Likhi Range and the Rikoti Tunnel via a new bypass.
Khashuri — Samtredia
East of Khashuri town the highway quickly climbs into the Likhi Range to the Rikoti Tunnel via a new bypass. The bypass temporarily ends at Surami where the highway joins the old S-1 two-lane road until the construction of the 2nd section of the Khashuri Bypass will be finished. Construction was suspended for a few years due to contractual issues but resumed in 2021 with a new contractor. The old S-1 route through Khashuri and Surami is still important for through traffic to the S-8 highway for the touristic destination of Borjomi and to Turkey and Armenia. Shortly after Surami the S-1 highway reaches its highest point of 910 m (2,990 ft) above sea level at the southern portal of the Rikoti Tunnel which cuts through the Rikoti Pass.
The real pass itself is only slightly higher at 996 m (3,268 ft) and the old road across the pass serves as tunnel bypass road in case of incidents or maintenance. The Rikoti Tunnel was originally opened in 1982, extensively rehabilitated in 2010-11 and with a length of 1,722 m (1.070 mi) it was until the 2020s the longest vehicular tunnel entirely in Georgia. In October 2020 construction of a parallel Rikoti Tunnel tube started, which will have a length of 1,800 m (1.1 mi).[3]
After the tunnel the highway navigates downhill to Zestaponi following the rivers Rikotula, Dzirula and Kvirila. The Likhi Range separates East and West Georgia and is a geographic connection between the Greater Caucasus range in the north and the Lesser Caucasus range in the south. While the highest parts of the Likhi Range exceed 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in altitude, the area around the S-1 highway does not exceed the 1,000 m (3,300 ft) with the exception of the eastern flank near the Rikoti Pass which is slightly higher. The road between Rikoti pass and Zestaponi used to be a curvy two-lane highway through lush and thickly forested river gorges with little opportunity to safely pass. A completely new 2x2 expressway/motorway section of 52 km (32 mi) with 96 tunnels and 53 bridges was constructed as part of the East-West Highway project (see below). Various sections were opened in 2023 and 2024.[4]
West of Zestaponi at Argveta, the S-1 continues as a 2x2 motorway/expressway and enters the West-Georgian Colchis Plain by following the Kvirila river to Kutaisi. This is Georgia's 4th largest city and home to the nation's second airport (David the Builder), which serves as tourist and low-cost carrier gateway. Near Kutaisi a completely new 41 km long motorway to Samtredia has been built. It first opened as two-lane highway in 2014 and by the end of 2020 it was doubled to a 2x2 motorway. At Samtredia the S-1 highway connects with the S-12 highway.
Samtredia — Zugdidi / Enguri Bridge
The S-1 highway transfers through Samtredia via a 1 km (0.62 mi) concurrency with the S-12 highway and continues to Senaki as two-lane highway. The road then passes through a string of towns and villages. A few kilometers West of Senaki the S-2 highway branches off the S-1 highway to the Black Sea port of Poti, which is also the destination of the E60 route. The highway continues its route through the Colchis Plain passing a string of villages and settlements and eventually reaches the city of Zugdidi, where it runs in a straight line to the center of the city, to its Tavisupleba (Freedom) Square. From here the highway runs anti-clockwise around the local Botanical garden, and after crossing the Chkhousi River the road heads straight towards Abkhazia. About 1 km (0.62 mi) before the Enguri Bridge , a Georgian police post is effectively the end for most (car) travellers, as travel into Abkhazia is restricted (by the Abkhazian side) and cars are not allowed to pass through the Abkhaz checkpoint.
Enguri Bridge — Leselidze (Abkhazia)
The entire Abkhazian section of the S-1 highway is a simple two-lane highway. On the west side of the Enguri Bridge there is an Abkhaz checkpoint, after which the highway continues to Gali, the center of the Georgian community in Abkhazia. North from Gali the road crosses the discharge channel of the Enguri Dam Hydropower Cascade. From here the road continues in northwestern direction through the lush lowlands of southern Abkhazia, while bypassing the town of Ochamchire. Only near the Abkhaz capital Sokhumi the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains forces the road closer to the coast. At the village of Tkhubuni, 421 kilometers (262 mi) from Tbilisi and the southern terminus of the Sokhumi trolleybus, the highway reaches the Black Sea coast. The road then skirts the beaches and enters Sokhumi.
The road passes through the center of Sokhumi and passes the once famous Botanical Garden, Monkey Nursery and Railway station before leaving the city towards the north and the Gumista River. About five kilometers north of Sokhumi, the road crosses the Gumista River via a landmark bridge from 1932. The 170 m (560 ft) long bridge with three arches rises high above the river. During the 1992-1993 civil war the bridge was the site of a fierce Abkhazian rebel offensive in the direction of Sokhumi and against the Georgian army, taking the lives of at least 222 Abkhazian combatants.[5] Plans to build a new bridge were unfolded in 2016,[6] but in 2021 it appeared no compatible designs and other construction estimations were produced by the company that was paid for this.[7]
The highway continues west skirting the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains and after reaching its highest point in the Abkhazian section, descends back to the coast via a couple of hairpin bends. After passing the town of Gudauta, host of a Russian military base, the road turns inland circumventing the Bichvinta-Miuseri Strict Nature Reserve, Pitsunda Bay and the resort town of Pitsunda.
At Gagra the road goes through a tunneled bypass, constructed in the 1980s to relieve the city of growing transit traffic. The bypass was originally planned as four tunnels, but only two of 1,200 m (3,900 ft) and 800 m (2,600 ft) long were finished. The third tunnel was under construction when the Soviet Union collapsed and construction was aborted. It was cut for 1,300 m (4,300 ft) from the south end and 300 m (980 ft) meter from the north. The incomplete 3rd tunnel is nowadays a favorite among urbexers. During the Abkhazian-Georgian civil war the bridge between the first and second tunnel was blown up, effectively disabling the bypass. Only in 2013 the (short) bridge was rebuilt. In that year both tunnels were renovated and traffic resumed since then.
The Georgian S1 route reaches its end at Leselidze (Gyachrypsh) after 537 kilometers (334 mi). The Psou River at Leselidze is the border with the Russian Federation. Traffic passes through an Abkhazian controlled checkpoint before reaching the Russian border control and the Russian A147 highway across the river.
History
Between 1960 and 1982 the route of the current S-1 highway was divided over the Soviet main highways 17 (Tbilisi to Samtredia) and the 19 (Samtredia to Leselidze) highways, two of only 37 numbered highways in the Soviet Union.[8] In 1982 the Soviet road numbering system was overhauled and the foundation of the S-1 was laid. The entire route of the current S-1 was part of the Soviet M27 highway that ran from Baku via Tbilisi to Novorossiysk.[9]
In 1996 the current Georgian classification system was adopted and the S-category "roads of international importance" was introduced as its highest class. The "S-1 Tbilisi - Senaki - Leselidze (Russian border)" replaced the M27 designation, with an original length of 552 kilometers (343 mi).[10] The S-1 has been a two lane highway prior to the inception of the East-West Highway project in 2005, with the exception of the segment in Tbilisi city and the subsequent 11 km (6.8 mi) along Mtskheta to the junction with the S-3 near Natakhtari. In the 1980s expansion of the (then M27) highway to four lanes was envisioned and ground works had already started towards Igoeti when the Soviet Union collapsed and Georgia became independent. This and the turbulent 1990s in Georgia interrupted these plans, which were picked up again after the 2003 Rose Revolution.[11] Around 2004 the junction with the S-3 highway near Natakhtari was upgraded with grade-separation.
East-West Highway
Since 2006 more than 200 kilometers (120 mi) of the S-1 highway has been upgraded to expressway or motorway standards within the internationally sponsored East-West Highway project, which was initiated in 2005. This long term project aimed to create a 455 kilometers (283 mi) East-West transport corridor through Georgia to connect Azerbaijan, Armenia and Turkey by upgrading Georgian sections of the E60 (Poti-Tbilisi-Red Bridge, Azerbaijan) and E70 (Poti-Batumi-Sarpi, Turkey). This would strengthen Georgia's position as South Caucasus transport hub.[12][13] The project is sponsored by both European and Asian development banks, the World Bank, European Union and others, with credits amounting to more than $2 billion for the S-1 upgrades alone, on top of which comes additional state funding.
The East-West Highway project includes redesign of major sections of the Georgian S-1, S-2, S-4, S-7,[14] and S-12. For the S-1 highway the (E60/E70) project is scoped to the 250 kilometers (160 mi) Tbilisi - Samtredia section, by upgrading the highway to 2x2 expressway/motorway standards. At Samtredia the connecting S-12 will continue as 2x2 motorway in the direction of Batumi. The upgrade of the highway was executed with in stages over the years under successive governments.
The 53 kilometers (33 mi) Natakhtari - Gori/Sveneti section was the first part to be upgraded between 2006 and 2009, by simply adding an additional parallel road next to the original two-lane highway. Midway this section a bypass around Igoeti was constructed. For the 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) northern bypass of Gori (Sveneti - Ruisi) two parallel bridges of 880 m (2,890 ft) and two parallel tunnels of 800 m (2,600 ft) were constucted. The Russo-Georgian War of 2008 had a temporary effect on the project, and construction quickly resumed in 2009, finishing in 2011. The Kutaisi bypass was initially constructed as a wide grade-separated two-lane highway with hard shoulders, but was doubled to a 2x2 motorway a few years later.
Delays
Despite earlier estimations the East-West Highway would be finished by 2020,[15] the construction of the highway experienced years delay.[16] By 2024 the challenging Rikoti Pass highway section in the S-1 through the Likhi Range between Khashuri and Zestafoni was nearing completion.[17]
Construction companies from various European and Asian countries have been involved in the upgrade of the S-1, with mixed success. Some tenders ran into technical and legal issues and contracts were terminated by the Georgian government due to excessive underperformance of the contracted party. This led to in multiple year delays on various sections.[18][19]
Below is a detailed overview of the upgrade of sections of the S-1 highway within the East-West Highway project, from East (Tbilisi) to West (Samtredia).
Segment | Lot | Length | Funding | Contractor | Start Construction |
Finished or opened |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natakhtari - Aghaiani[note 1] | 16 km | State budget ($40 mln)[20] |
Caucasus Road Project (GE) ZIMO LLC (GE) |
Mar 2006 | Oct 2006[21] | Eastbound lane opened in bidirectional mode | |
Dec 2007[22] | Westbound lane opened in 2x2 mode. | ||||||
Aghaiani - Igoeti[note 1] | 12 km | World Bank via IDA ($19 mln) |
Caucasus Road Project (GE) ZIMO LLC (GE) |
Jun 2007 | Nov 2008 | Igoeti bypass viaducts completed in 2011 | |
Igoeti - Sveneti | 25 km | World Bank via IDA ($55 mln) |
Ashtrom Group Ltd (IL) | 2008[23] | Jun 2009[24] | Eastbound lane opened in bidirectional mode | |
Nov 2009[25] | Westbound lane opened in 2x2 mode | ||||||
Sveneti - Ruisi | Lot-1 80-85km | 5 km | World Bank via IBRD ($147 mln)[26] State budget $37 mln |
Akkord (AZ) | Jul 2009[27] | Oct 2010[28] | |
Lot-2 85-86km | 1 km | Akkord (AZ) | Nov 2011[29] | Liakhvi River Viaduct (2x 877 m) | |||
Lot-3 86-95km | 9 km | Todini Costruzioni (IT) | Nov 2011[30] | Including Gori Tunnels (2x 800 m) | |||
Ruisi - Agara (Mokhisi) | 19 km | World Bank via IDA ($43 mln)[26] |
China Nuclear Industry 23 Construction Co (CN) |
Aug 2012 | Dec 2015[31] | ||
Agara (Mokhisi) - Zemo Osiauri | Lot-1 Gomi Bypass | 7 km | World Bank via IDA & IBRD ($55 mln) |
Copri Construction (KW) Black Sea Group (GE) |
Feb 2015[32] | Jun 2016[33] | |
Lot-2 Agarebi - Zemo Osiauri | 5 km | Copri Construction (KW) Black Sea Group (GE) |
Nov 2017[34] | Opened for traffic on 22 Aug 2020 together with connecting Khashuri Bypass (Lot-1) | |||
Zemo Osiauri - Chumateteli (Rikoti Tunnel East portal) |
Lot-1 Zemo Osiauri - Surami | 8 km | EIB (€49.5 mln) |
Sinohydro (CN) | Sept 2017 | Aug 2020[35] | Lot-1 was put in operation together with the above Lot-2 Agara - Zemo Osiauri (13 km in total). On 8 October 2020 the 2nd bridge across the Surami-Tsotskhnara road was opened.[36] |
Lot-2 Surami - Chumateteli | 6 km | World Bank via IBRD ($140 mln) |
Astaldi (IT, 2017)[37] Sinohydro (2020)[38] |
By 2019 the contract with Astaldi was terminated,[39] which led to an arbitration case.[40] Sinohydro won a renewed tender procedure in 2020. Construction resumed in 2021, to be completed by March 2023. | |||
Rikoti Pass Tunnel renovation | 2 km | World Bank via IBRD ($28 mln) State budget $7 mln |
Sinohydro (CN) | Jul 2010 | Nov 2011[41] | Including renovation of 4km Tunnel Bypass road (Sh56) | |
Rikoti Pass road[4] (Chumateleti-Argveta) |
F1 Chumateleti-Khevi | 12 km | World Bank via IBRD ($160 mln) EIB (€76 mln) State budget $44 mln |
CSCEC (CN) | Oct 2019[42] | Includes 22 bridges and 3 tunnels Second parallel Rikoti Tunnel (1800m) | |
F2 Khevi-Ubisa | 12 km | ADB ($300 mln)[43] World Bank ($140 mln) State budget $130 mln |
Hunan Road & Bridge Construction Group (CN) |
May 2019[44] | October 2023[45][46] | Includes 35 bridges and 20 tunnels | |
F3 Ubisa-Shorapani | 13 km | EIB (€332 mln) State budget €20 mln |
CRBC (CN) | May 2019[44] | October 2023[46] | Includes 27 bridges and 18 tunnels | |
F4 Shorapani-Argveta | 15 km | ADB ($278 mln)[47] State budget $89 mln |
Guizhou Highway Engineering Group (CN) |
April 2021 | April 2024[17] | Includes 14 bridges and 12 tunnels. Initially to be financed by Japanese JICA. Contractor was signed in Jan 2020, work began in spring 2021. 9 km opened in April 2024. | |
Argveta - Samtredia[48] | Lot-3 Argveta-Nakhshirghele (Argveta-Kutaisi Bypass) |
15 km | JICA ($212 mln) | Takenaka (JP) and Todini Costruzioni (IT) |
Jun 2013[18] | Jun 2017[49] | Argveta to Nakhshirghele (2x2 lanes) |
Lot-1 Nakhshirghele-Ukaneti (Kutaisi Bypass) |
17 km | Feb 2012[50] | Nov 2014[51] | Initially built as 2 lane road. Opening in 2014 together with 15 km of Lot-2 until exit at Bashi. In 2018 a combined project of lots 1 and 2 was initiated to double highway to 2x2.[52] | |||
Lot-2 Ukaneti-Samtredia (Kutaisi bypass-Samtredia) |
24 km | Nov 2012 | Jul 2016[53] | Initially built as 2 lane highway, opening in 2016 of remaining 9 km Bashi - Samtredia. | |||
Lot-1 + Lot-2 second track Nakhshirghele-Samtredia |
41 km | State budget $73 mln | Black Sea Group (GE, 3 lots) Akkord (AZ, 1 lot) |
May 2019[54] | Dec 2020[55] | Doubled original lots 1 & 2 to 2x2 motorway with parallel road on south side. | |
1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
Intersections
Region | Municipality | km | mi | Destinations | Route | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
City of Tbilisi | 0 | 0.0 | South end E117 overlap | ||||
12 | 7.5 | Didi Digomi, Tbilisi | |||||
16 | 9.9 | Zahesi | Transfer to S-9 highway, no Eastbound entrance | ||||
17 | 11 | Jvari Monastery | Eastbound exit and entrance only | ||||
18 | 11 | Tbilisi city limits | |||||
Mtskheta-Mtianeti | Mtskheta | 18.5 | 11.5 | Mukhatgverdi | Westbound exit and entrance only | ||
19 | 12 | Mtskheta | |||||
Motorway section (2x2) | |||||||
19.5 | 12.1 | Crosses Kura River (360 m) | |||||
20 | 12 | Jvari Monastery (via შ 152) Tsiteli Khidi (Red Bridge) / Yerevan | "Tbilisi Bypass", through traffic to and . East end E60/AH81, South end AH5 overlap | ||||
23 | 14 | Tsitsamuri | |||||
24 | 15 | Saguramo | Zedazeni Monastery signposted | ||||
25 | 16 | Crosses Aragvi River (390 m) | |||||
26 | 16 | Mtskheta | Eastbound exit and entrance only | ||||
27 | 17 | Gudauri / Stepantsminda / Vladikavkaz | Highway to border via Kazbegi / Darial Gorge. North end E117 / AH81 overlap | ||||
29 | 18 | Tserovani IDP Refugee Camp | Exits only | ||||
32 | 20 | Gorovani / Tserovani | Wineroute signposted | ||||
39 | 24 | Akhalgori / Ksani | Ksani Fortress and wineroute signposted | ||||
41 | 25 | Crosses Ksani River (240 m, region boundary) | |||||
Shida Kartli | Kaspi | 42 | 26 | Agaiani | |||
45 | 28 | Tsikhisdziri | Eastbound exit and entrance only | ||||
47 | 29 | Ferma | Westbound exit and entrance only | ||||
51 | 32 | Okami | |||||
55.4 | 34.4 | Samtavisi | No eastbound exit | ||||
55.6 | 34.5 | Igoeti Viaduct (220 m) | |||||
56.3 | 35.0 | Samtavisi | Westbound exit only | ||||
56.5 | 35.1 | Crosses Lekhura River (420 m) | |||||
57 | 35 | Kaspi / Samtavisi / Lamiskana | Eastbound exit only | ||||
59 | 37 | Gamdlistskaro / Zemo Rene | |||||
64 | 40 | Nigoza / Kodistskaro | |||||
Gori | 67 | 42 | Khurvaleti / Nadarbazevi | ||||
71 | 44 | Shavshebi / Tsitelubani | |||||
73 | 45 | Shavshebi | Eastbound exit only | ||||
75 | 47 | Akhalsopeli / Akhalsheni | |||||
79 | 49 | Sveneti | |||||
80 | 50 | Gori / Mejvrishevi / Uplistsikhe | Uplistsikhe cave ruins signposted | ||||
80 | 50 | Crosses Tortla River | |||||
81 | 50 | Mejvrishevi | Eastbound exit and entrance | ||||
82 | 51 | Crosses Mejuda River | |||||
83 | 52 | Gori / Tskhinvali | Highway to border via Roki Tunnel. after Ergneti: access South Ossetia prohibited. | ||||
84 | 52 | Crosses Liakhvi River (880 m) | |||||
86 | 53 | Wissol Service station – Westbound only. EV Charging, (Fast) Food, Supermarket | |||||
Kareli | 87 | 54 | Gori Tunnel (780 m) | ||||
88 | 55 | Otarsheni | Eastbound only, Gori Tunnel Bypass road | ||||
90 | 56 | SOCAR Service station – Eastbound only. EV Charging, (Fast) Food, Supermarket | |||||
94 | 58 | Ruisi / Urbnisi | |||||
97 | 60 | Ruisi / Bebnisi | |||||
101 | 63 | Kareli / Sagolasheni | |||||
103 | 64 | Crosses Prone River (280 m) | |||||
105 | 65 | Kvenatkotsa / Agara | Westbound exit, eastbound entrance | ||||
114 | 71 | Gomi / Sachkhere | |||||
Shida Kartli | Khashuri | 120 | 75 | Agarebi Khashuri / Borjomi | |||
Transfer through Khashuri to ს-8 highway to Borjomi and | |||||||
132 | 82 | Surami | All traffic exits to old ს1 2-lane highway. | ||||
Motorway section (2x2) | |||||||
133 | 83 | Surami town limits | |||||
Khashuri / Borjomi | Transfer via Khashuri for ს-8 to Borjomi and . East end AH82 overlap. | ||||||
136 | 85 | Phona | |||||
137 | 85 | Surami town limits | |||||
139 | 86 | Rikoti Tunnel Bypass | Rikoti Tunnel Bypass Road | ||||
140 | 87 | Rikoti Tunnel (1722 m, region boundary) | |||||
Imereti | Kharagauli | 144 | 89 | Rikoti Tunnel Bypass | Rikoti Tunnel Bypass Road | ||
168 | 104 | Ubisa / Ghoresha | Ubisa Monastery | ||||
Zestafoni | 180 | 110 | Dzirula | ||||
187 | 116 | Passes through Shorapani | |||||
189 | 117 | Zestaponi town limits | |||||
192 | 119 | Chiatura | |||||
195 | 121 | Baghdati | |||||
196 | 122 | Zestaponi town limits | |||||
199 | 124 | Argveta | At-grade junction: westbound exit, eastbound entrance | ||||
Motorway section (2x2) | |||||||
Argveta | Grade separated: eastbound exit, westbound entrance | ||||||
200 | 120 | Wissol Petroleum service station – Westbound only. EV Charging, (Fast) Food, Supermarket | |||||
200 | 120 | Rodinauli | Eastbound exit/entrance only | ||||
201 | 125 | Crosses the Kvirila River (100 m, municipality boundary) | |||||
Terjola | 202 | 126 | Terjola | ||||
203 | 126 | Khareba Winery | Westbound only for public access Khareba Winery | ||||
Rompetrol service station – Eastbound only. EV Charging, (Fast) Food, Supermarket | |||||||
204 | 127 | Crosses Chkhari River (100 m) | |||||
SOCAR service station – Eastbound only. EV Charging, (Fast) Food, Supermarket | |||||||
205 | 127 | Siktarva | |||||
206 | 128 | Crosses Dzevrula River (160 m) | |||||
206 | 128 | Etseri | |||||
209 | 130 | Etseri | |||||
210 | 130 | Crosses Charchkhulisghele River (100 m) | |||||
211 | 131 | Kveda Simoneti | |||||
215 | 134 | Nakhshirghele | |||||
217 | 135 | Crosses Chishura River (630m) | |||||
222 | 138 | Crosses Tskaltsitela River (100 m, municipality boundary) | |||||
Baghdati | 223 | 139 | Rioni Hydropower Plant Canal | ||||
223 | 139 | Baghdati / Kutaisi | |||||
224 | 139 | Crosses Rioni River (850m, municipality boundary) | |||||
Tsqaltubo | 227 | 141 | Geguti / Kutaisi | ||||
231 | 144 | Ukaneti / Mukhiani | |||||
235 | 146 | Opshkviti | |||||
Samtredia | 246 | 153 | Bashi / Akhalsopeli | ||||
252 | 157 | Akhalsopeli | |||||
255 | 158 | Crosses Ochopa River (330m) | |||||
257 | 160 | Batumi Samtredia / Poti / Sokhumi | Highway to via Grigoleti, Batumi, Sarpi | ||||
All ს1 traffic transfers through Samtredia (via ს-12). South end ს12 / E692 overlap | |||||||
Motorway section (2x2) | |||||||
258 | 160 | Samtredia Poti / Sokhumi | |||||
North end ს-12 / E692 overlap | |||||||
258 | 160 | Crosses Samtredia—Batumi railway line | |||||
261 | 162 | Crosses Tskhenistskali River (120m, boundary Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region | |||||
Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti | Abasha | 271 | 168 | Martvili | |||
272 | 169 | Sujuna | |||||
275 | 171 | Crosses Abasha River (100m) | |||||
Senaki | 282 | 175 | Crosses Tekhuri River (180m) | ||||
Senaki town limits | |||||||
Nokalakevi | |||||||
286 | 178 | Chkhorotsku | |||||
287 | 178 | Senaki town limits | |||||
288 | 179 | Crosses Tsivi River (120m) | |||||
291 | 181 | Poti / Batumi | Highway to via Sarpi. West end E60 / AH5 overlap; East end E97 overlap | ||||
291 | 181 | Crossing Senaki—Poti railway line | |||||
Khobi | 300 | 190 | Zeni | ||||
301 | 187 | Khobi station / Akhalsopeli | |||||
Crosses Khobistskhali (Khobi) River (150m) | |||||||
Khobi town limits | |||||||
302 | 188 | Poti / Chaladidi | |||||
304 | 189 | Khobi town limits | |||||
306 | 190 | Crosses Munchia River | |||||
Zugdidi | 317 | 197 | Crosses Jumi River (100 m) | ||||
326 | 203 | Zugdidi city limits | |||||
Anaklia / Sokhumi | |||||||
330 | 210 | ||||||
Tsalenjikha | |||||||
331 | 206 | Crosses Chkhousi River (110 m) | |||||
332 | 206 | Mestia | |||||
333 | 207 | Zugdidi city limits | |||||
337 | 209 | Crosses Rukhi River | |||||
338 | 210 | Georgian police checkpoint to Enguri Bridge and Abkhazia. | |||||
340 | 210 | Crosses Enguri River (600 m) | |||||
Abkhazia AR | Gali | 340 | 210 | Abkhaz police checkpoint. Closed for car passage. | |||
343 | 213 | Tagiloni | |||||
349 | 217 | Gali town (5 km) | |||||
354 | 220 | Crosses Gali Reservoir Canal of the Enguri hydroelectric power station | |||||
364 | 226 | Crosses Okumi River (150 m) | |||||
Ochamchire | 371 | 231 | Ochamchire | ||||
375 | 233 | Crosses Ghalidzga River (150 m) | |||||
376 | 234 | Ochamchire / Tkvarcheli | |||||
381 | 237 | Crosses Mokvi River (150 m) | |||||
382 | 237 | Mokvi | |||||
407 | 253 | Crosses Kodori River (170 m), municipality boundary | |||||
Gulripshi | 414 | 257 | Babushara / Sokhumi Airport | ||||
417 | 259 | Gulripshi town (2 km) | |||||
420 | 260 | Crosses Machara River | |||||
Merkheuli | |||||||
421 | 262 | Tkhubuni (beach) | |||||
423 | 263 | Crosses Kelasuri River (140 m, municipality boundary) | |||||
Sokhumi | 426 | 265 | Sokhumi city limits | ||||
429 | 267 | Eshera | |||||
436 | 271 | ||||||
437 | 272 | Sokhumi city limits | |||||
438 | 272 | Crosses Gumista River (170 m) | |||||
Gudauta | 452 | 281 | New Athos town limits | ||||
455 | 283 | New Athos Monastery / Anacopia Fortress | Access road to major cultural heritage sites | ||||
456 | 283 | New Athos town limits | |||||
466 | 290 | Crosses Aapsta River (140 m, municipality boundary) | |||||
470 | 290 | Gudauta town limits | |||||
472 | 293 | Lykhny | |||||
474 | 295 | Gudauta town limits | |||||
478 | 297 | Crosses Khipsta River (120 m) | |||||
479 | 298 | Myussera | |||||
493 | 306 | Abkhazia police checkpoint | |||||
498 | 309 | Crosses Bzipi River (390 m, municipality boundary) | |||||
Gagra | 499 | 310 | Lake Ritsa | ||||
504 | 313 | Pitsunda | |||||
508 | 316 | Gagra | |||||
514 | 319 | Gagra bypass tunnel (800 m + 1300 m) | |||||
516 | 321 | Gagra | |||||
529 | 329 | Gantiadi town limits | |||||
532 | 331 | Crosses Khashupse River (160 m) | |||||
532 | 331 | Kheivani | |||||
534 | 332 | Gantiadi town limits | |||||
536 | 333 | Leselidze town limits | |||||
537 | 334 | Leselidze Salme | |||||
537 | 334 | Abkhazia police checkpoint | |||||
Russian border checkpoint. Road continues as to Sochi and Novorossiysk | |||||||
|
Notes
References
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