Khartoum–Port Sudan Highway

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Khartoum–Port Sudan Road

Route information
Length1,182 km[1] (734 mi)
Major junctions
FromKhartoum
East endPort Sudan
Location
CountrySudan
Highway system

The Khartoum–Port Sudan Highway (Arabic: طريق الخرطوم بورتسودان) is a primary road connecting the capital area as well as several wilayats in the east of the country with the coast. The route connects the cities of Wad Madani, Al Qadarif, Kassala and Haiya.[2]

The national road is important for the Sudanese trade that helps to connect the port of Suakin, Bashair and Digna, this route crosses the mountainous zone of the Red Sea Wilayat specifically in the region of Alagaba.[3]

History

These areas were historically crossed by caravan trade routes during the pre-colonial period specifically from West Africa to reach the Red Sea with the Arabian Peninsula.[4] In the 1920's, the growth of the region was increased following the contraction of the railway during the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan period, then following the country's independence work began on the construction of the Highway in the early 1980s.[4] The construction of the road was encouraged primarily by the inefficiencies of the railroad system connecting the ports.[5]

After the construction of the Highway sections around the Red Sea Wilayat, several Guraieb communities settled around the road, mainly constructing huts as well as buildings designed as guesthouses for drivers and travelers.[6]

This highway received grant support from the World Bank to improve Sudan's road system[7] and later its maintenance was partially financed by the government of the United Arab Emirates.[a] In addition, the sections connecting Wad-Medani and Al Qadarif were partially developed by construction teams from China.[9]

Route description

Khartoum Wilayat

The Highway starts in the Khartoum metropolitan area specifically around the Arkaweet area and connects several Sudanese universities such as the International University of Africa (Arabic: جامعة افريقيا العالمية), then the route heads southeast to the Wilayat.

Al Jazirah Wilayat

The Highway subsequently crosses into the eastern part of the cities of Al Kamlin (Arabic: الكاملين) and Al Hasahisa (Arabic: الحصاحيصا), passing around Al Burhanya Mosque (Arabic: مسجد البرهانية). The Highway subsequently reaches the Wad Madani metropolitan area and crosses the Blue Nile River via the Hantoub Bridge. Subsequently the Highway goes southeast of the Wilayat crossing mainly through rural localities such as Shabarga (Arabic: الشبارقه) and then crosses the Rahad River (Arabic: نهر الرهد) through the Kheary Bridge (Arabic: كبرى الخيارى).

This highway serves to connect several rural areas around the Wilayat for food transportation.[10]

Al Qadarif Wilayat

Upon entering the Wilayat, the Highway passes around the town of Al Faw (Arabic: الفاو), the route then crosses the eastern mountainous area of the town through Jabal Tekun (Arabic: جبل تكون) and Jabal Abu Khudud (Arabic: وجبل أبو خدود).[11] The Highway subsequently crosses the Wadi Khawr Guburi[12] via the Al-Qadambliya Bridge (Arabic: كوبري القدمبلية).[13]

The Highway passes through the northern part of the Al Qadarif metropolitan area,[14] reaching past the area around Lake Sad Alsaraf (Arabic: بحيرة سد السرف). The road heads to the town of Umm Shagara (Arabic: ام شجره), passing near the Khalifa Hassan Mahmoud Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الخليفة حسن محمود) and then it heads north of the Wilayat connecting the localities of Rawashda (Arabic: الرواشدة).[15]

Kassala Wilayat

The Highway intersects with the road leading to Shuwak Airport (Arabic: مطار الشواك), then the route heads further north and crosses the urban part of Shuwak (Arabic: الشواك). The route heads north and travels through the area around the Khashm el-Qirba Reservoir (Arabic: خزان خشم القربة).

The highway passes over the Atbara River through the Al Butana Bridge (Arabic: كبري البطانة), then the road connects the capital of the Wilayat of Kassala, after its completion in the 1980s, increased the number of hotels around the region as well as the Highway helped several international organizations such as the International Red Cross in order to transport several trucks with humanitarian aid for refugees from Eritrea settled in this region of Sudan.[16]

The highway then heads north of the Wilayat through the arid areas of the region until it reaches the urban center of Reifi Aroma District (Arabic: أروما).

Red Sea Wilayat

The route then follows the area around the mountains of Jabal Nilay Karbayayay (Arabic: جبل نيلاي كربياي)[17] and runs north through the desolate part of the Wilayat until it reaches the town of Durdaib (Arabic: دروديب). At Haya junction, the Highway passes around the Ariab area characterized by being one of the areas where caravans of Sudanese Islamic communities historically traveled to Mecca for piligrimage reasons, thus the presence of Muslim tombs is commonly found around Wadi Mogut.[b] In addition, the Highway also passes through the mining areas of the Ariab area.[19]

The Highway passes around the town of Sinkat and then circles around the mountains around Jabal Tizkar (Arabic: جبل تزكار) and Jabal Alamdermani (Arabic: جبل الامدرمانيين).[20] The route then heads to the Gebeit Alsharaf Dam.[21]

The road then heads to the eastern part of the Wilayat crossing through the rural localities of Habnab and Salobit[22] The Highway runs through mountainous stretches between Sinkat and Suakin, specifically around Jabal Bani (Arabic: جبل باني).[23] After approaching the area around the Suakin metropolitan area, the Highway heads south of the Wilayat, intersecting with the Port Sudan International Airport Road. The highway then crosses through the industrial area of Port Sudan until it reaches the urban center.

Notes

  1. ^ قام شيخ زايد خلال هذه الزيارة بتقديم الكثير من الدعم المالي للسودان في شكل مشاريع ومنح مالية مثل تبرعه لصالح بناء طريق الخرطوم بورتسودان Translation: During this visit, Sheikh Zayed provided a lot of financial support to Sudan in the form of projects and grants, such as his donation for the construction of the Khartoum-Port Sudan road (Page 54)[8]
  2. ^ Quote: "The road from Ariab passes through Wadi Mogut and along this wadi there are scatters of different types of tumuli and Muslim tombs. The tumuli have a circular stone ring infilled by small stones." (Page 207)[18]

References

  1. ^ Economist Intelligence Unit (Great Britain), ed. (1990). Country Report: Sudan. p. 22.
  2. ^ Kaikati, Jack (1980). "The Economy of Sudan: A Potential Breadbasket of the Arab World?". International Journal of Middle East Studies: 120.
  3. ^ Ali, Esamaldeen; Rahamt, El-Khider (21 December 2018). "Assessment of Geological Hazards Along Alagaba Highway-Red Sea State, Sudan". Recent Advances in Geo-Environmental Engineering, Geomechanics and Geotechnics, and Geohazards. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01665-4_87.
  4. ^ a b Baker, Jonathan; Pedersen, Poul (1992). "The Rural-Urban Interface in Africa: Expansion and Adaptation". p. 71.
  5. ^ el-Din, Galal. Industry and Peripheral Capitalism in the Sudan: A Geographical Analysis. Khartoum University Press. p. 137.
  6. ^ "Modern Governments and Traditional Structure". Sudan Open Archive. 2005. p. 17.
  7. ^ Daily Report: Near East & South Asia. 1990. p. 15. Khartoum - Port Sudan highway , noting that the project was being jointly financed by the Government of Sudan and the World Bank for a sum of $ 103,000,000
  8. ^ Salam, Abdul; Ahmed, Saduq. السودانيون في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة : سياحة توثيقية في حياة السودانيون في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة [Sudanese in the United Arab Emirates: Documentary tourism in the lives of Sudanese in the UAE] (in Arabic). p. 54. ISBN 9789994263042.
  9. ^ Africana Publishing Company, ed. (1975). Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and Documents. p. 113.
  10. ^ "Sudan: Issues in Urban Development" (PDF). Arab Land Initiative. 2011. p. 8. Undoubtedly, the most important highway completed since then is Medani-Gedaref-Kassala-Port Sudan highway, which connects the key agricultural areas of Gezira, Rahad, Khashm el-Girba, and Gedaref with Port Sudan.
  11. ^ Nasser, Samiha (6 April 2017). "مدينة الفاو في ولاية القضارف" [Al-Faw city in Qadarif State]. Mawdoo3 (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  12. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (7 October 2024). "Khor Guburi" (Map). OpenStreetMap. OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
  13. ^ Osman, Amged (14 August 2016). "إغلاق كوبري القدمبلية أمام حركة المرور" [Al-Qadambliya Bridge is closed to traffic]. Sudacon.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 7 October 2024.
  14. ^ Vrolijks, L. S.; Trago, Peter; Hooftman, E. (1987). "A research on the possibilities to improve the existing situation and to guide the future development of Gedaref town" (PDF). Eindhoven University of Technology. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  15. ^ UNHCR Sudan (2021). Sudan: Gedaref State UNHCR presence and refugee locations (Map). Gedaref State: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2024.
  16. ^ Kok, Walter (1989). "Self-Settled Refugees and the Socio-Economic Impact of their Presence on Kassala, Eastern Sudan". Journal of Refugee Studies: 432. doi:10.1093/jrs/2.4.419. The Khartoum-Port Sudan highway, completed in 1980, links Kassala to the main economic centres, and this has brought new activities in trade, transport and hotels. In the eighties a host of international agencies has descended on the town, for example, the International Committee of the Red Cross, which has workshops and a large fleet of trucks in town for its continuous relief transport into Eritrea.
  17. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (7 October 2024). "Jabal Nilay Karbayay" (Map). OpenStreetMap. OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
  18. ^ Mahmoud, Bashir (2017). "Archaeological survey along the Berber-Suakin caravan route : preliminary report / Mahmoud Suliman Bashir" (PDF). Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  19. ^ Abdel, Mohamed (1993). Reimer (ed.). Geochemical and Geotectonic Controls of the Metallogenic Evolution of Selected Ophiolite Complexes from the Sudan. p. 10.
  20. ^ Google (8 October 2024). "جبل الامدرمانيين" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
  21. ^ Abdelgadir, Moataz; Younis, Obai; Mohammed, Osama (2 September 2018). "Potentiality of Power Production from Gebeit Alsharaf Dam, Red Sea State, Sudan" (PDF). Advances in Biotechnology & Microbiology: 49. doi:10.19080/AIBM.2018.11.555809. ISSN 2474-7637.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  22. ^ OCHA Sudan (2021). Red Sea Reference Map (PDF) (Map). Red Sea State: United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
  23. ^ "The History of Suakin". Sudan Notes and Record. University of Khartoum: 277. 1936. A dwelling house similar to those found at Akik and round Kassala, dating back to the Roman era, can be seen about four miles out on the Suakin - Sinkat road near Jebel Bani.
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