G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway

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Beijing–Taipei Expressway

北京-台北高速公路 (Chinese)
Jingtai Expressway
京台高速
G3 map.svg
Route information
Length2,030 km (1,260 mi)
Major junctions
North endLiujiayao Bridge, 3rd Ring Road, Beijing
South end G15 in Minhou County, Fuzhou, Fujian (current)
G99 in Taipei, Taiwan (unbuilt and hypothetical)
Location
CountryChina
Highway system
G0212 G0311

The Beijing–Taipei Expressway (Chinese: 北京–台北高速公路; pinyin: Běijīng–Táiběi Gāosù Gōnglù), designated as G3 and commonly known as the Jingtai Expressway (Chinese: 京台高速公路; pinyin: Jīngtái Gāosù Gōnglù), is a partially completed Chinese expressway that, if fully constructed, would connect the People's Republic of China with Taiwan. Currently, the expressway is complete from Beijing to Fuzhou, Fujian, and is fully complete in Mainland China except for a small section in Fujian which is under construction.

In Taiwan, the expressway is proposed to connect with a hypothetical G99 Taiwan Ring Expressway in Taipei, which would supposedly encircle the island of Taiwan, as proposed by the People's Republic of China.

The project has been the source of some controversy because of Taiwan's political status. The People's Republic of China claims Taiwan, but has never administered it, so therefore does not have any control of its highways. As Taiwan does not recognize the highway designation by the People's Republic of China and has its own highway system, the Taiwan portion of the expressway has not been constructed. Aside from politics, the other challenge is the engineering difficulties in constructing the link through the Taiwan Strait. A bridge seems less likely than an undersea tunnel, which would have to exceed 100 kilometres in length. This is further complicated given the climatic and weather conditions across the straits.

In China, it connects the cities of Beijing, Langfang, Cangzhou, Dezhou, Jinan, Tai'an, Xuzhou, Bengbu, Hefei, Tongling, Huangshan, Quzhou, and Fuzhou.[1]

Route

The expressway crossing over the Taiping Lake Bridge in Anhui

The expressway passes the following major cities:

Detailed Route

Pfeil unten.svg From Beijing Pfeil unten.svg
Continues as:
Dexian Road
CH-Hinweissignal-Autobahn.svg
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg
Beijing Expwy S50 sign with name.svg South S50 5th Ring Road
Kokudou 104(China).svg G104 Road
Kokudou 105(China).svg G105 Road
BJS Line 8 icon.svg Wufutang Station
Pfeil oben.svg Beijing City Pfeil oben.svg
Pfeil unten.svg Hebei Province Pfeil unten.svg
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Hebei Expwy S24 sign no name.svg S24 Langzhuo Expressway
(To be renamed China Expwy G95 sign with name.svg G95 Capital Ring Expressway)
Towards Langfang
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 371(China).svg S371 Road
Towards Langfang
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 273(China).svg S273 Road
Towards Yongqing
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Hebei Expwy S3 sign no name.svg S3 Langcang Expressway
Service Area Sign-CN.png Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 272(China).svg S272 Road
Towards Tiaohetou
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X522.svg X522 Road
Towards Geyuchen
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G2 sign with name.svg G2 Jinghu Expressway
China Expwy G2501TJ sign with name.svg G2501 Binbao Expressway
Pfeil unten.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G2 sign with name.svg G2 Jinghu Expressway Pfeil unten.svg
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 112(China).svg S112 Road
Service Area Sign-CN.png Wanqingtuo Service Area
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G18 sign with name.svg G18 Rongwu Expressway
Tianjin Expwy S7 sign no name.svg S7 Jinbao Expressway
Pfeil unten.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G18 sign with name.svg G18 Rongwu Expressway Pfeil unten.svg
Pfeil unten.svg Tianjin Metropolitan Area Pfeil unten.svg
Pfeil oben.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G18 sign with name.svg G18 Rongwu Expressway Pfeil oben.svg
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G18 sign with name.svg G18 Rongwu Expressway
Pfeil oben.svg Tianjin Metropolitan Area Pfeil oben.svg
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 310(China).svg S310 Road
Towards Kokudou 104(China).svg G104 Road
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 116(China).svg S116 Road
Shoudou 311(China).svg S311 Road
Towards Jinghai
Service Area Sign-CN.png Jinghai Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 380(China).svg S380 Road
Towards Kokudou 104(China).svg G104 Road
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 313(China).svg S313 Road
Towards Kokudou 104(China).svg G104 Road
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Tianjin Expwy S60 sign no name.svg S60 Binshi Expressway
(To be renamed China Expwy G0211 sign with name.svg G0211 Jinshi Expressway)
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Tianjin Expwy S6 sign no name.svg S6 Jincang Expressway
Service Area Sign-CN.png Tangguantun Service Area
Toll Gate-CN.png Tangguantun Toll Station
Pfeil oben.svg Tianjin City Pfeil oben.svg
Pfeil unten.svg Hebei Province Pfeil unten.svg
Service Area Sign-CN.png Qingxian Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 021(China).svg S021 Road
Towards Qingxian
Pfeil oben.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G2 sign with name.svg G2 Jinghu Expressway Pfeil oben.svg
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G2 sign with name.svg G2 Jinghu Expressway
Hebei Expwy S3 sign no name.svg S3 Langcang Expressway
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 331(China).svg S331 Road
Cangzhou
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G1811 sign with name.svg G1811 Huangshi Expressway
Service Area Sign-CN.png Cangzhou Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 302(China).svg S302 Road
Towards Nanpi-Botou
Service Area Sign-CN.png Dongguang Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 383(China).svg S383 Road
Dongguang
Service Area Sign-CN.png Wuqiao Service Area
Pfeil oben.svg Hebei Province Pfeil oben.svg
Pfeil unten.svg Shandong Province Pfeil unten.svg
Toll Gate-CN.png Dezhou Toll Station
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Shandong Expwy S12 sign no name.svg S12 Binde Expressway
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 104(China).svg G104 Road
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 353(China).svg S353 Road
Towards Dezhou
Service Area Sign-CN.png Dezhou Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 315(China).svg S315 Road
Towards Fengzi
Service Area Sign-CN.png Pingyuan Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Towards Pingyuan
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 316(China).svg S316 Road
Towards Yucheng
Service Area Sign-CN.png Yucheng Service Area
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G20 sign with name.svg G20 Qingyin Expressway
(After assignment, China Expwy G2516 sign with name.svg G2516 Donglu Expressway will be concurrent)
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 308(China).svg G308 Road
Towards Qihe
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G2001 sign with name.svg G2001 Jinan Ring Expressway
Shandong Expwy S1 sign with name.svg S1 Jiliao Expressway
Pfeil unten.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G2001 sign with name.svg G2001 Jinan Ring Expressway Pfeil unten.svg
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G35 sign with name.svg G35 Jiguang Expressway
Pfeil unten.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G35 sign with name.svg G35 Jiguang Expressway Pfeil unten.svg
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 220(China).svg G220 Road
Dayangzhuang Station
TowardsJinan West Railway Station
Jinan
Pfeil oben.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G35 sign with name.svg G35 Jiguang Expressway Pfeil oben.svg
Concurrent with China Expwy G2001 sign with name.svg G2001 Jinan Ring Expressway
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G35 sign with name.svg G35 Jiguang Expressway
China Expwy G2001 sign with name.svg G2001 Jinan Ring Expressway
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 104(China).svg G104 Road
Chingqing
Service Area Sign-CN.png Jinan Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 104(China).svg G104 Road
Wande
Service Area Sign-CN.png Tai'an Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 330(China).svg S330 Road
Tai'an
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Shandong Expwy S31 sign no name.svg S31 Taixin Expressway
Shoudou 329(China).svg S329 Road
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 104(China).svg G104 Road
Manzhuang
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 333(China).svg S333 Road
Ciyao
Service Area Sign-CN.png Ningyang Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 104(China).svg G104 Road
Towards Qufu
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 327(China).svg G327 Road
West Towards Qufu
East Towards Sishui County
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G35 sign with name.svg G1511 Rilan Expressway
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 342(China).svg S342 Road
Zoucheng
AB-AS-grün.svg Towards Kokudou 104(China).svg G104 Road
Service Area Sign-CN.png Zoucheng Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Tengzhou
CN road sign 警 36.svgAB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 343(China).svg S343 Road
Tengzhou
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Shandong Expwy S83 sign no name.svg S83 Zaozhuang Connecting Line Expressway
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 904(China).svg S904 Road
Zaozhuang
Service Area Sign-CN.png Zaozhuang Service Area
Service Area Sign-CN.png Xuecheng Service Area
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Shandong Expwy S38 sign no name.svg S38 Lancao Expressway
AB-AS-grün.svg Towards Hanzhuang
Toll Gate-CN.png Zaozhuang Toll Station
Pfeil oben.svg Shandong Province Pfeil oben.svg
Pfeil unten.svg Jiangsu Province Pfeil unten.svg
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X301.svg X301 Road
Towards Kokudou 206(China).svg G206 Road
Service Area Sign-CN.png Jiewang-Qingshanquan Service Area
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Shandong Expwy S38 sign no name.svg S38 Lancao Expressway
Pfeil unten.svg Xuzhou City Pfeil unten.svg
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G2513 sign with name.svg G2513 Huaixu Expressway
Pfeil oben.svg Xuzhou City Pfeil oben.svg
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 310(China).svg G310 Road
Towards Xuzhou
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X305.svg X305 Road
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 322(China).svg S322 Road
Towards Xuzhou
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Jiangsu Expwy S69 sign no name.svg S69 Jixu Expressway
Service Area Sign-CN.png Liuji Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 310(China).svg G310 Road
Towards Xuzhou
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X305.svg X305 Road
Towards Tongshan District
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G30 sign with name.svg G30 Lianhuo Expressway
Pfeil unten.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G30 sign with name.svg G30 Lianhuo Expressway Pfeil unten.svg
Toll Gate-CN.png Toll Station
Pfeil oben.svg Jiangsu Province Pfeil oben.svg
Pfeil unten.svg Anhui Province Pfeil unten.svg
Pfeil oben.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G30 sign with name.svg G30 Lianhuo Expressway Pfeil oben.svg
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G30 sign with name.svg G30 Lianhuo Expressway
Shoudou 301(China).svg S301 Road
Xiaoxian
Service Area Sign-CN.png Zhuangli Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 101(China).svg S101 Road
China County Road X023.svg X023 Road
Towards Huaibei
Service Area Sign-CN.png Fuli Service Area
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Anhui Expwy S04 sign no name.svg S4 Sisu Expressway
Anhui Expwy S06 sign no name.svg S6 Sudeng Expressway
AB-AS-grün.svg Suzhou
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X057.svg X057 Road
Service Area Sign-CN.png Junwang Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 206(China).svg G206 Road
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G36 sign with name.svg G36 Ningluo Expressway
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 206(China).svg G206 Road
Towards Bengbu
Service Area Sign-CN.png Yuhui Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 207(China).svg S207 Road
Towards Bengbu
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Anhui Expwy S17 sign no name.svg S17 Benghe Expressway
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 311(China).svg S311 Road
Towards Huainan-Dingyuan
Service Area Sign-CN.png Wuwei Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X010.svg X010 Road
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X006.svg X006 Road
China County Road X027.svg X027 Road
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G40 sign with name.svg G40 Hushan Expressway
China Expwy G42 sign with name.svg G42 Hurong Expressway
China Expwy G4001 sign with name.svg G4001 Hefei Ring Expressway
Pfeil unten.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G40 sign with name.svg G40 Hushan Expressway Pfeil unten.svg
Concurrent with China Expwy G42 sign with name.svg G42 Hurong Expressway
Concurrent with China Expwy G4001 sign with name.svg G4001 Hefei Ring Expressway
Pfeil oben.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G40 sign with name.svg G40 Hushan Expressway Pfeil oben.svg
Concurrent with China Expwy G42 sign with name.svg G42 Hurong Expressway
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G40 sign with name.svg G40 Hushan Expressway
China Expwy G42 sign with name.svg G42 Hurong Expressway
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 331(China).svg S331 Road
Feidong
Service Area Sign-CN.png Feidong Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 105(China).svg S105 Road
Pfeil unten.svg Hefei Metropolitan Area Pfeil unten.svg
AB-AS-grün.svg Baohe District, Hefei
CN road sign 警 36.svgTJM Line 1 icon.svg Hefei South Railway Station
CN road sign 警 36.svgHefei South Railway Station
Pfeil oben.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G4001 sign with name.svg G4001 Hefei Ring Expressway Pfeil oben.svg
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G4001 sign with name.svg G4001 Hefei Ring Expressway
China Expwy G4212 sign with name.svg G4212 He'an Expressway
Pfeil unten.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G4212 sign with name.svg G4212 He'an Expressway Pfeil unten.svg
AB-AS-grün.svg Baohe District, Hefei
Pfeil oben.svg Hefei Metropolitan Area Pfeil oben.svg
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 103(China).svg S103 Road
Towards Feixi
Service Area Sign-CN.png Fengle Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X005.svg X005 Road
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 319(China).svg S319 Road
Towards Lujiang
Pfeil oben.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G4212 sign with name.svg G4212 He'an Expressway Pfeil oben.svg
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G4212 sign with name.svg G4212 He'an Expressway
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X065.svg X065 Road
Towards Lujiang
Service Area Sign-CN.png Shaxi Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 103(China).svg S103 Road
Nihe
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X098.svg X098 Road
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 103(China).svg S103 Road
Towards Hengbu
Service Area Sign-CN.png Zhoutan Service Area
Toll Gate-CN.png Congyang Toll Station
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 103(China).svg S103 Road
AB-Brücke.svg Tongling Bridge
Toll Gate-CN.png Toll Station
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 103(China).svg S103 Road
Shoudou 320(China).svg S320 Road
Towards Tongling
Toll Gate-CN.png Toll Station
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G50 sign with name.svg G50 Huyu Expressway
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 318(China).svg G318 Road
Shoudou 103(China).svg S103 Road
Qingyang
Service Area Sign-CN.png Jiuhuashan Service Area
236 AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 325(China).svg S325 Road
Towards Lingyang-Shitai
AB-Brücke.svg Taiping Lake Bridge
248 AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 103(China).svg S103 Road
AB-AS-grün.svg Gantang
Service Area Sign-CN.png Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 205(China).svg G205 Road
Shoudou 103(China).svg S103 Road
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 205(China).svg G205 Road
Shoudou 103(China).svg S103 Road
Huangshan
Service Area Sign-CN.png Chengkan Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Towards Kokudou 205(China).svg G205 Road
Towards Huizhou
337 AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 103(China).svg S103 Road
Huangshan
Pfeil unten.svg Huangshan City Proper (Tunxi District) Pfeil unten.svg
346 A-B AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G56 sign with name.svg G56 Hangrui Expressway
Anhui Expwy S42 sign no name.svg S42 Huangfu Expressway
Pfeil unten.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G56 sign with name.svg G56 Hangrui Expressway Pfeil unten.svg
Pfeil oben.svg Huangshan City Proper (Tunxi District) Pfeil oben.svg
Service Area Sign-CN.png Xiuning Service Area
356 AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X020.svg X020 Road
Towards Wucheng
Pfeil oben.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G56 sign with name.svg G56 Hangrui Expressway Pfeil oben.svg
363 AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G56 sign with name.svg G56 Hangrui Expressway
Toll Gate-CN.png Toll Station
Pfeil oben.svg Anhui Province Pfeil oben.svg
Pfeil unten.svg Zhejiang Province Pfeil unten.svg
Toll Gate-CN.png Toll Station
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 205(China).svg G205 Road
China County Road X613.svg X613 Road
Majin
Service Area Sign-CN.png Kaihua Service Area
420 AB-AS-grün.svg Kaihua
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X501.svg X501 Road
Towards Fangcun
Service Area Sign-CN.png Fangcun Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X204.svg X204 Road
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G60 sign with name.svg G60 Hukun Expressway
Pfeil unten.svg Quzhou City Proper Pfeil unten.svg
AB-AS-grün.svg Towards Quzhou-Centre
China County Road X204.svg X204 Road
Pfeil oben.svg Quzhou City Proper Pfeil oben.svg
Service Area Sign-CN.png Jiangshan Service Area
501 AB-AS-grün.svg Towards Jiangshan
Shoudou 315(China).svg S315 Road
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X404.svg X404 Road
Service Area Sign-CN.png Xianxia Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 205(China).svg G205 Road
Xikou
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 205(China).svg G205 Road
Nianbadu
Pfeil oben.svg Zhejiang Province Pfeil oben.svg
Pfeil unten.svg Fujian Province Pfeil unten.svg
Toll Gate-CN.png Tangguantun Toll Station
Service Area Sign-CN.png Zhongxin Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 205(China).svg G205 Road
Towards Pucheng
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 205(China).svg G205 Road
Pucheng
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Fujian Expwy S0311 sign no name.PNG S0311 Pujian Expressway
Pfeil unten.svg Concurrent with Fujian Expwy S0311 sign no name.PNG S0311 Pujian Expressway Pfeil unten.svg
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 205(China).svg G205 Road
Linjiang
AB-AS-grün.svg Kokudou 205(China).svg G205 Road
Shibei
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X816.svg X816 Road
Wufu
Service Area Sign-CN.png Nantai Service Area
Pfeil oben.svg Concurrent with Fujian Expwy S0311 sign no name.PNG S0311 Pujian Expressway Pfeil oben.svg
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G1514 sign with name.svg G1514 Ningshang Expressway
Fujian Expwy S0311 sign no name.PNG S0311 Pujian Expressway
Concurrent with China Expwy G1514 sign with name.svg G1514 Ningshang Expressway
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G1514 sign with name.svg G1514 Ningshang Expressway
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 303(China).svg S303 Road
Jianyang
AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X819.svg X819 Road
Service Area Sign-CN.png Fengle Service Area
AB-AS-grün.svg Shoudou 303(China).svg S303 Road
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G25 sign with name.svg G25 Changshen
CN road sign 警 36.svgPfeil unten.svg Under Construction Pfeil unten.svgCN road sign 警 36.svg
CN road sign 警 36.svgPfeil oben.svg Under Construction Pfeil oben.svgCN road sign 警 36.svg
CN road sign 警 36.svgAB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G1501FZ sign with name.svg G1501 Fuzhou Ring Expressway
Pfeil unten.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G1501FZ sign with name.svg G1501 Fuzhou Ring Expressway Pfeil unten.svg
Pfeil oben.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G1501FZ sign with name.svg G1501 Fuzhou Ring Expressway Pfeil oben.svg
CH-Hinweissignal-Ende der Autobahn.svg China Expwy G1501FZ sign with name.svg G1501 Fuzhou Ring Expressway CH-Hinweissignal-Ende der Autobahn.svg
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg China Expwy G70 sign with name.svg G70 Fuyin Expressway
Pfeil unten.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G70 sign with name.svg G70 Fuyin Expressway Pfeil unten.svg
(21) AB-AS-grün.svg China County Road X117.svg X117 Road
Shangjie
Towards Fuzhou
Service Area Sign-CN.png Shangjie Service Area
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Fujian Expwy S35 sign no name.PNG S35 Fuzhao Expressway
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Fujian Expwy S7021 sign no name.PNG S7021 Fuzhou South Connecting Line
Pfeil oben.svg Concurrent with China Expwy G70 sign with name.svg G70 Fuyin Expressway Pfeil oben.svg
CH-Hinweissignal-Ende der Autobahn.svg China Expwy G70 sign with name.svg G70 Fuyin Expressway CH-Hinweissignal-Ende der Autobahn.svg
CH-Hinweissignal-Autobahn.svg
AB-Kreuz-grün.svg
China Expwy G15 sign with name.svg G15 Shenhai Expressway
Planned to be continued to Taipei, Taiwan
Pfeil oben.svg Towards Beijing Pfeil oben.svg

See also

References

  1. ^ 山东交通出行网 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2018-06-12. Retrieved 2018-06-12.