California State Route 120

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State Route 120

SR 120 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by Caltrans
Length158.33 mi[1] (254.81 km)
Does not include the portion in Yosemite
Existed1934–present
Tourist
routes
  • National Forest Scenic Byway.svg Tioga Road/Big Oak Flat Road
  • National Forest Scenic Byway.svg Lee Vining Canyon Scenic Byway
NHSWest of US 395
RestrictionsSegments through Tioga Pass, and between Mono Lake and Benton, closed in winter
Major junctions
West end I-5 in Lathrop
Major intersections
East end US 6 at Benton
Location
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountiesSan Joaquin, Stanislaus, Tuolumne, Mono
Highway system
SR 119 SR 121

State Route 120 (SR 120) is a state highway in the central part of California, connecting the San Joaquin Valley with the Sierra Nevada, Yosemite National Park, and the Mono Lake area. Its western terminus is at Interstate 5 in Lathrop, and its eastern terminus at U.S. Route 6 in Benton. While the route is signed as a contiguous route through Yosemite, the portion inside the park is federally maintained and is not included in the state route logs. The portion at Tioga Pass at Yosemite's eastern boundary is the highest paved through road in the California State Route system. This part is not maintained in the winter and is usually closed during the winter season.

Route description

Tioga Pass Entrance Station
SR 120 as Tioga Road by Tenaya Lake in Yosemite National Park.
California State Route 120 Markers at Yosemite National Park
Tioga road and Tenaya Lake viewed from Pywiack Dome.

SR 120 begins as a freeway intersecting Interstate 5 to extend Interstate 205 through Manteca. In east Manteca the freeway ends at SR 99 and becomes a highway which continues to head east through Escalon, Oakdale and other various small towns. East of Oakdale there are no highly populated areas for 90 miles (144 km) as it heads into the foothills of the Sierra Nevada and into Yosemite National Park. Entering Yosemite, SR 120 is known as Big Oak Flat Road as it heads towards Crane Flat. After leaving Crane Flat, Big Oak Flat Road turns southeast towards Yosemite Valley, while SR 120 continues east as Tioga Pass Road (or often simply Tioga Road).[2] The highway retains that name as it travels through Tuolumne Meadows, over Tioga Pass at an elevation of 9,945 feet, and through the Lee Vining Canyon on its 59-mile (95 km) journey to its intersection with U.S. Route 395, at Lee Vining. After a jog to the south along US 395, it continues east as Mono Mills Road,[3] skirting the south end of Mono Lake and providing access to the Mono Lake South Tufa as well as the historical site of Mono Mills before cresting Sagehen Summit and ending with the intersection of U.S. Route 6 at Benton. Both the portions through Yosemite National Park and the stretch between Mono Lake and Benton are subject to winter closure. Usually the highway is open through Tioga Pass by the Memorial Day weekend at the end of May, and typically closes for the winter sometime in November.[4][5]

Tioga Road/Big Oak Flat Road is officially both a National Scenic Byway and a National Forest Scenic Byway.[6] The segment through the Lee Vining Canyon between the eastern edge of Yosemite and US 395 is designated as the Lee Vining Canyon Scenic Byway, a separate National Forest Scenic Byway.[7]

SR 120 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System,[8] and both the western portion and the eastern portion west of US 395 are part of the National Highway System,[9] a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.[10] SR 120 is eligible to be included in the State Scenic Highway System,[11] but it is not officially designated as a scenic highway by the California Department of Transportation.[12] The Tioga Pass Road was designated as a California Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 2002.[13]

History

Tioga Road, 1921.
The new BLM Granite Mountain Wilderness is immediately north of Route 120, just east of Mono Lake.[14]

During the Gold Rush, SR 120 was originally known as Big Oak Flat Road, after the village of Big Oak Flat through which it passes in the Sierra foothills. It was a pack trail from Stockton which became popular with prospectors about 1849. By 1874 it was a wagon road which extended to Yosemite Valley.

In 1921, the California State Assembly authorized San Joaquin County to transfer the county road connecting Manteca with then-Route 5 (now I-5) at Mossdale to the state.[15] It was numbered Route 66, as was a 1933 extension from Manteca east to Route 13 in Oakdale. Also in 1933, Route 40 was extended east from Mono Lake to Route 76 (US 6) at Benton.[16] The route from Manteca to Benton was marked as Sign Route 120 in 1934,[17] and was soon extended west to Mossdale,[18] replacing what had been part of U.S. Route 99W.[19]

Priest grades

West of Priest is a section of highway with over one hundred curves and hairpin turns, known as the "New Priest Grade." With a 4% grade, it opened in 1915 and was built by a group of local volunteers who desired an alternative to the very steep (17%) Old Priest Grade.[20] Today, both grades are paved, but trailers and RVs are prohibited from Old Priest Grade.[21] There is a 7,500-pound weight limit on the old grade.

Major intersections

CountyLocationmi
[22][1]
kmExit
[23]
DestinationsNotes
San JoaquinLathrop0.000.001 I-5 – San Francisco, Los Angeles, Stockton, SacramentoWestbound exit and eastbound entrance; signed as exits 1A (south) and 1B (north); west end of SR 120; former US 50 west; I-5 exit 461
Manteca0.841.351CYosemite AvenueSigned as exit 1 eastbound
2.834.553Airport Way (CR J3) – Sharpe Depot
3.826.154Union RoadDiverging diamond interchange, first one constructed in California and opened to traffic on November 25, 2020.
4.827.765South Main Street
6.3810.276
SR 99 south – Modesto, Fresno, Los Angeles
West end of SR 99 overlap; SR 99 exit 241
East end of freeway on SR 99
7.4912.05
SR 99 north / Yosemite Avenue – Sacramento, Central Manteca
Interchange; east end of SR 99 overlap; SR 99 exit 242
10.1316.30 CR J5 (Jack Tone Road)
Escalon18.1329.18
CR J6 / CR J7 north (Escalon-Bellota Road, McHenry Avenue) – Farmington, Modesto
West end of CR J7 overlap
18.2129.31
CR J7 south (Main Street) / Kern Street
East end of CR J7 overlap
Stanislaus25.3740.83
CR J9 north (Valley Home Road) – Valley Home
West end of CR J9 overlap
25.5541.12
CR J14 north (Twenty-Six Mile Road)
West end of CR J14 overlap
Oakdale27.3343.98

SR 108 west (F Street) / CR J9 / CR J14 south (Yosemite Avenue) – Modesto
West end of SR 108 overlap; east end of CR J9 / CR J14 overlap
Tuolumne48.4677.99 CR J59 (La Grange Road) – La Grange, Merced
51.6383.09 CR E15 (O'Byrnes Ferry Road) – Copperopolis
52.3584.25
SR 108 east – Sonora
East end of SR 108 overlap
Chinese Camp55.7989.79
SR 49 north – Sonora
West end of SR 49 overlap
Tuolumne River / Don Pedro Reservoir59.8796.35James E. Roberts Bridge
64.17103.27
SR 49 south – Coulterville, Mariposa
East end of SR 49 overlap
Buck Meadows79.23127.51
CR J132 (Smith Station Road, Greeley Hill Road) to SR 132 – Coulterville, Merced
Yosemite National Park95.73154.06East end of state maintenance at western park boundary
Big Oak Flat Entrance Station; park fee or annual pass required for entry[24]
Mariposa

Big Oak Flat Road to SR 41 / SR 140 – Yosemite Valley
Tuolumne Grove
(winter closure gate near the eastern end of the grove)[5][25]
TuolumneTioga Pass Entrance Station (closed in winters); park fee or annual pass required for entry[24]
95.73154.06West end of state maintenance at eastern park boundary
Mono104.27167.81Westbound winter closure gate
Lee Vining107.78173.46
US 395 north / Airport Road – Reno
West end of US 395 overlap
June Lake Loop North Junction112.12180.44
SR 158 south – June Lake
Mono Mills Junction112.56181.15
US 395 south – Bishop
East end of US 395 overlap
117.68189.39Eastbound winter closure gate
138.39222.72Westbound winter closure gate
Benton158.33254.81 US 6 – Tonopah, BishopEast end of SR 120
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

References

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b California Department of Transportation (2016). Postmile Services (Map). California Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  2. ^ "The Tioga Road; a History 1883-1961 (1961, 1980), "Reconstruction," by Keith A. Trexler". yosemite.ca.us.
  3. ^ "Floodgap Roadgap's Summer of 6 -- U.S. Highway 6, Part 1: US 6 in California (Bishop to Nevada State Line; Inyo County, Mono County)". floodgap.com.
  4. ^ "Winter Driving Tips". Caltrans. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b "Yosemite National Park Winter Road Closures". National Park Service. Retrieved January 29, 2023.
  6. ^ Staff. "Tioga Road/Big Oak Flat Road". America's Byways. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on November 20, 2011. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  7. ^ Staff. "Lee Vining Canyon Scenic Byway". America's Byways. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on October 23, 2011. Retrieved October 23, 2011.
  8. ^ "Article 2 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets and Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  9. ^ Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). National Highway System: California (North) (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  10. ^ Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (June 20, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  11. ^ "Article 2.5 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets & Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  12. ^ California Department of Transportation (August 2019). "Officially Designated State Scenic Highways and Historic Parkways" (XLSX). Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Retrieved September 30, 2017.
  13. ^ "The Tioga Pass Road Historical Marker". The Historical Marker Database. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  14. ^ "BLM Granite Mountain Wilderness". Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2016.
  15. ^ Statutes 1921 p. 1627: State highway in San Joaquin County
  16. ^ "State Highway Routes: Selected Information" (PDF). California Department of Transportation. 1995. p. 149. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2015.
  17. ^ Dennis, T.H. (August 1934). "State Routes Will Be Numbered and Marked with Distinctive Bear Signs". California Highways and Public Works. Vol. 11, no. 8. pp. 20–21, 32. ISSN 0008-1159 – via Archive.org.
  18. ^ H.M. Gousha Company, California Archived October 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, 1942
  19. ^ American Association of State Highway Officials, log of U.S. Highways, American Highways, ca. 1932
  20. ^ "Priest Grade, Grizzly Gulch". Pine Mountain Lake Association. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
  21. ^ "CA-120 E". Google, Inc. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
  22. ^ California Department of Transportation (July 2007). "Log of Bridges on State Highways". Sacramento: California Department of Transportation.
  23. ^ Saif, Faizah (October 16, 2018). "State Route 120 Freeway Interchanges" (PDF). California Numbered Exit Uniform System. California Department of Transportation. Retrieved November 29, 2024.
  24. ^ Jump up to: a b "Yosemite National Park Fees & Passes". National Park Service. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  25. ^ "View of eastbound Tioga Road at the open winter closure gate east of Tuolumne Grove". Google Street View. October 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2023.
  • Map: "Stanislaus National Forest, California," U.S. Forest Service, 1979.

External links