New Jersey Route 23

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Route 23

Route information
Maintained by NJDOT
Length52.63 mi[1] (84.70 km)
Existed1927–present
NHSEntire route[1][2]
Major junctions
South end CR 506 / CR 577 in Verona
Major intersections
North end CR 15 at the New York state line in Montague Township
Location
CountryUnited States
StateNew Jersey
CountiesEssex, Passaic, Morris, Sussex
Highway system
← Route 22→ Route 24

Route 23 is a state highway in the northern part of New Jersey, United States. The route runs 52.63 mi (84.70 km) from County Route 506 (Bloomfield Avenue) and County Route 577 (Prospect Avenue) in Verona, Essex County northwest to the border with New York at Montague Township in Sussex County, where the road continues to Port Jervis, New York, as Orange County Route 15. Route 23 heads through Essex and Passaic Counties as a suburban arterial varying from two to four lanes and becomes a six-lane freeway north of a complex interchange with U.S. Route 46 and Interstate 80 in Wayne. The freeway carries Route 23 north to a concurrency with U.S. Route 202. Past the freeway portion, the route heads northwest along the border of Morris and Passaic Counties as a four- to six-lane divided highway with a wide median at places, winding through mountainous areas and crossing Interstate 287 in Riverdale. The route continues northwest through Sussex County as a mostly two-lane, undivided road that passes through farmland and woodland as well as the communities of Franklin, Hamburg, and Sussex before reaching the New York state line, just south of an interchange with Interstate 84 and US 6 in Port Jervis, in Montague Township near High Point State Park.

Route 23 was established in 1927 to run from Verona to the New York border near Port Jervis, replacing pre-1927 Route 8 between Verona and Sussex. The route followed two turnpikes that were created in the early 19th century: the Newark-Pompton Turnpike and the Paterson-Hamburg Turnpike. In the mid-1950s, there were plans to build an Interstate Highway along Route 23 between Interstate 80 and Interstate 287, but it was never built. In the 1960s, the route was planned to be upgraded to a freeway all the way up to Port Jervis and south to Piscataway, Middlesex County; however, both freeway proposals were cancelled in the early 1970s. In the mid-1980s, the portion of Route 23 from north of U.S. Route 46 in Wayne to Interstate 287 in Riverdale was improved, with the road upgraded to a six-lane freeway south of the Alps Road intersection and to a six-lane surface road north of Alps Road.

Route description

The entire length of Route 23 is part of the National Highway System.[1][2]

Essex and Passaic counties

View north along Route 23 at Highland Road in Cedar Grove

Route 23 begins at an intersection with County Route 506 (Bloomfield Avenue) and County Route 577 (Prospect Avenue) in Verona, heading to the north through residences and some businesses along four-lane, undivided Pompton Avenue.[1][3] After a short distance, the road forms the border between Cedar Grove to the west and Verona to the east before fully enters Cedar Grove. In Cedar Grove, the route narrows to two lanes at the County Route 640 before widening to four lanes again at the County Route 639 intersection. Shortly before leaving Cedar Grove, Route 23 crosses County Route 604 (Lindsley Road), which also heads to the west as County Route 527.[1]

Route 23 freeway northbound in Wayne

The road crosses into Little Falls, Passaic County, where it narrows to two lanes and becomes the Newark-Pompton Turnpike. In Little Falls, Route 23 heads through the central part of the community before crossing the Passaic River into Wayne where the road leaves the Newark-Pompton Turnpike briefly and widens to a four lane divided highway. Route 23 passes two shopping malls, Willowbrook Mall and Wayne Towne Center, and enters the "Spaghetti Bowl" interchange with U.S. Route 46 and Interstate 80. Within this interchange, the route passes under NJ Transit's Montclair-Boonton Line.[1][3][4]

North of Interstate 80, the road rejoins the route of the Newark-Pompton Turnpike and becomes a six-lane freeway, featuring a cloverleaf interchange with West Belt Road that provides access to the Wayne Route 23 Transit Center along the Montclair-Boonton Line. Route 23 continues north with frontage roads serving businesses, coming to an interchange with U.S. Route 202 and County Route 511 Alternate, forming a concurrency with U.S. Route 202.[1][3] The road passes over a Norfolk Southern railroad line before it has an interchange with County Route 670 (Alps Road). Following this, the roadway passes west of the Mother's Park & Ride, a park and ride facility serving NJ Transit buses, and reaches an interchange with County Route 683, where the Newark-Pompton Turnpike again leaves Route 23 and U.S. Route 202, which continue north from this point as a surface road through commercial areas. At a U-turn ramp, the eastbound direction of County Route 504 follows both directions of the road, having to use the ramp in order to continue across the road.[5] Northbound U.S. Route 202 splits from Route 23, where the cut-off intersection with County Route 504 is located. At this point, the westbound direction of County Route 504 and the southbound direction of U.S. Route 202 follow southbound Route 23 until an intersection.[1]

Morris and Passaic counties

Route 23 crosses into Pequannock Township in Morris County and passes over the Pompton River. In Pequannock, the road is a six-lane divided highway with at-grade intersections, some controlled by jughandles, that heads through a mix of businesses and woodland.[1][3] At the north end of Pequannock, the route passes over a New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway (NYSW) branch line and intersects County Route 660, where the Newark-Pompton Turnpike rejoins Route 23. The route intersects County Route 511 Alternate (Boulevard) and crosses into Riverdale, with County Route 511 Alternate following Route 23 until it heads to the north on the Newark-Pompton Turnpike.[1] Route 23 interchanges with Interstate 287 and climbs a hill past the interchange, heading to the west. The route runs through Kinnelon, passing over the NYSW New Jersey Subdivision line, before entering Butler. In Butler, Route 23 passes through commercial areas, crossing County Route 511 (Boonton Avenue) before heading northwest. The road drops to four lanes, still divided by a Jersey barrier.[1][3] It heads under Maple Lake Road before passing through Kinnelon again. Upon leaving Kinnelon, the route enters West Milford in Passaic County at the crossing of the Pequannock River.[1] At this point, the route enters a more wooded, mountainous setting, following the Pequannock River and the NYSW line.[3]

Route 23 southbound past Reservoir Road in West Milford

Route 23 joins the Hamburg Turnpike and the road splits, with the southbound lanes crossing over the Pequannock River into Kinnelon for a time. The route passes by the Charlotteburg Reservoir, a reservoir for the Newark public water supply, and has a rest area in the northbound direction.[1][3] Route 23 intersects County Route 513 (Union Valley Road), running concurrent with that route. The southbound lanes cross the Pequannock River into Jefferson Township, Morris County and County Route 513 splits from Route 23 by heading south on Green Pond Road. The southbound lanes cross back into West Milford, where the two separate roads rejoin. The Clinton Road intersection has the longest stoplight signal cycle in the United States, with drivers waiting up to 5 minutes and 33 seconds to cross the intersection.[6] Route 23 continues northwest through forested areas, crossing over the railroad tracks and passing by the Oak Ridge Reservoir, another reservoir that provides water for Newark.[3] The route crosses the Pequannock River three times, running within Jefferson Township between the first two crossings and past the third crossing.[1]

Sussex County

Route 23 northbound along its concurrency with CR 519 in Wantage Township

Route 23 enters Hardyston Township, Sussex County and comes to an intersection with County Route 515 (Stockholm-Vernon Road). Past this intersection, the divided Hamburg Turnpike highway ends and Route 23 becomes a two-lane, undivided road. The road heads to the northwest through wooded mountains and runs through the community of Stockholm, where it passes east of a park and ride lot located at a church. The route curves west onto a winding road, passing over the NYSW line. The roadway gains a wide painted median, crossing into Franklin and meeting County Route 517 (Munsonhurst Road).[1][3] County Route 517 heads north along with Route 23, with the wide median ending, and the road continues through residential and commercial areas of Franklin with a brief wide painted median near the County Route 631 (Franklin Avenue) intersection.[1] The road crosses a stream, Mill Brook, into Hamburg, where County Route 517 splits from Route 23 by heading east on Quarry Road. Route 23 continues north through wooded residential areas of Hamburg, passing under the NYSW line and crossing Route 94. The route crosses back into Hardyston Township, heading north through a mix of farms and forests.[1][3]

Route 23 crosses the Wallkill River into Wantage Township and continues north to an intersection with County Route 565 (Glenwood Road), running concurrent with that route and gaining a wide painted median past that intersection which eventually turns into a center left-turn lane. The road passes some businesses and becomes a two-lane divided highway before County Route 565 departs from Route 23 by heading west on Lewisburg Road.[1][3] Route 23 crosses into Sussex, where the route becomes a one-way pair along Hamburg Avenue northbound and Walling Avenue southbound, passing by residences. The route intersects Route 284 (E. Main Street) before the northbound directions turns left onto Loomis Avenue, where County Route 643 continues north on Main Street. Immediately after turning onto Loomis Avenue, County Route 639 continues west on Loomis Avenue and Route 23 becomes two-way again, heading north on two-lane undivided Mill Street. The route becomes Clove Avenue before crossing back into Wantage Township.[1][3]

Mismarked cutout signage for Orange County Route 15 for Route 23 from U.S. Route 6

In Wantage Township, Route 23 continues north through farmland and woodland, eventually turning west. It comes to an intersection with County Route 519 (Colesville-Lusscroft Road) and turns north, running concurrent with that route through forested areas until County Route 519 heads north on Greenville Road.[1][3] Route 23 continues northwest and heads across Kittatinny Mountain, crossing the Appalachian Trail and entering Montague Township, Here, the road heads into heavily forested High Point State Park, which is home to the highest elevation in New Jersey.[3] The route descends through Montague Township along a winding road, passing by some businesses immediately before heading to the New York state line.[1][3] Route 23 officially ends at the state line and the road continues into Orange County, New York as County Route 15 (Tappen Road) for less than one-half mile. A few feet after the state line, County Route 15 comes to an interchange with Interstate 84 before it ends at an intersection with U.S. Route 6 in Port Jervis.[3] Although Interstate 84 does not enter New Jersey, missing it by only a few feet, the signs on it for the interchange with County Route 15 refer to Route 23, even though some signs erroneously refer to it as New York State Route 23.[7]

History

1955 Yellow Book map of New York City, showing a planned Interstate Highway along part of the Route 23 corridor.

Route 23 follows the course of the Pompton Trail, and old Lenape trail connecting what is now Glen Ridge, New Jersey to the Minisink Village in what is now Montague.[8] In the 19th century, two turnpikes were incorporated that would later become parts of Route 23: the Newark-Pompton Turnpike, which was built between 1806 and 1811; and the Paterson-Hamburg Turnpike, which was incorporated in 1806, and was built from Paterson to a landing in Montague Township, where the Owego and Milford Turnpike continued its route west.[9][10] Parts of the Paterson-Hamburg Turnpike are now CR 650 in Sussex County, the Hamburg Turnpike from Butler to Wayne (signed CR 694, CR 689, and CR 504), Central Avenue through Wayne, and into Paterson as Broadway. Due to realignments, the current alignment of Route 23 bypasses the intersection of these two turnpikes.[3] North of Coleville, the road was maintained by the Coleville and Carpenter's Point Turnpike, chartered in 1850.[11]

In the original system of New Jersey highways, the Newark-Pompton Turnpike and Paterson-Hamburg Turnpike were combined to form pre-1927 Route 8, which ran from Montclair to the New York border near Unionville, New York, running along the alignment of current Route 23 north to Sussex and following present-day Route 284 north of Sussex.[12] In the 1927 New Jersey State Highway renumbering, Route 23 was designated to run from Route 9 (now County Route 506) in Verona north to the New York border near Port Jervis, replacing pre-1927 Route 8 from Verona to Sussex.[13][14] In the 1930s, communities in Passaic and Morris counties were bypassed by four-lane roads, with Bloomingdale and Butler bypassed on December 2, 1934,[15] and Pequannock on Decemeber 2, 1935.[16]

Along the Pequannock River, the highway was dualized in stages up to Sussex County. The first section, west to a point east of Charlottesburg, opened on June 26, 1953.[17] An extension to Oak Ridge Road began in September of 1963,[18] and was completed on the 11th or 12th of December, 1965.[19] The final extension to Hardyston Township opened on November 6, 1970.[20]

Route 23 northbound at West Belt Road in Wayne

In the 1955 plan for the Interstate Highway System, an Interstate Highway was planned along the Route 23 corridor between Interstate 80 in Wayne and Interstate 287 in Pompton Plains, also connecting to a proposed Interstate along the Route 3 corridor. However, this proposed Interstate was never built.[21] Plans were made in the early 1960s for a Route 23 freeway running from Interstate 80 north to Interstate 84 in Port Jervis, New York, providing improved freeway access to northwestern New Jersey.[22] This proposed freeway, which was to cost $120 million, was cancelled in the early 1970s due to financial troubles and feared environmental issues.[23] A 1966 proposal called for Route 23 to be extended south as a freeway to Interstate 287 in Piscataway in Middlesex County, running parallel to the Garden State Parkway. This $300 million freeway was added to planning maps in 1969 as Route 807 but was also cancelled in the early 1970s.[24]

In the late 1970s, the New Jersey Department of Transportation made plans to rebuild the section of Route 23, at the time a four-lane undivided road, between Interstate 80 and Interstate 287 to a six-lane freeway between Interstate 80 and Alps Road and a six-lane surface road north of Alps Road.[25] Construction on these improvements began in 1983 and were completed in 1986. With these improvements to the route, many traffic circles were removed, including one at U.S. Route 46 that was replaced with a complex interchange. In 2008, the Spaghetti Bowl interchange with Interstate 80 and U.S. Route 46 was improved, costing $70 million.[4]

In 2010, the New Jersey Department of Transportation began plans to move Route 23 to a new alignment through Sussex. With this project, the bridge over the Papakating Creek was replaced and a new road for the southbound lanes was built as an extension of Walling Avenue, while the original Route 23 became northbound only.[26][27] The project lasted from July 2012 to November 2014.[28]

Major intersections

CountyLocationmi[1]kmDestinationsNotes
EssexVerona0.000.00 CR 506 (Bloomfield Avenue) – Montclair, Livingston, Newark-Pompton Turnpike

 CR 577 south (Prospect Avenue)		Southern terminus, south end of Newark-Pompton Turnpike overlap
Cedar Grove3.605.79
 CR 527 south (Lindsley Road)		Northern terminus of CR 527
PassaicWayne4.597.39Hobson Avenue – to Newark-Pompton TurnpikeNorth end of Newark-Pompton Turnpike overlap
5.258.45 US 46 / Service Road – Fairfield
South end of expressway section
5.488.82 I-80 – New York City, Netcong, Delaware Water GapExit 53 (I-80); no southbound access to I-80 west; south end of Newark-Pompton Turnpike overlap
6.019.67West Belt Road/Service RoadInterchange
6.8210.98


 US 202 south / CR 511 Alt. north – Lincoln Park, Boonton		South end of US 202 overlap
7.2111.60Alps Road (CR 670 north)Interchange
7.6812.36Newark-Pompton Turnpike (CR 683 north) – PequannockInterchange, north end of Newark-Pompton Turnpike overlap; northern end of limited-access section
8.9414.39
 US 202 north (Black Oak Ridge Road) / CR 504		North end of US 202 overlap, east end of CR 504 overlap, no direct access for CR 504 across intersection
MorrisPequannock Township11.9019.15Newark-Pompton Turnpike (CR 660 west) – Pequannock TownshipSouth end of Newark-Pompton Turnpike overlap
12.2719.75

 CR 511 Alt. south (Boulevard) – Pompton Plains, Lincoln Park		South end of CR 511 Alt. overlap
Riverdale12.4820.08

 CR 511 Alt. north (Newark-Pompton Turnpike)		North end of CR 511 Alt./Newark-Pompton Turnpike overlap
12.8620.70


 I-287 to CR 694 / CR 511 Alt. – Mahwah, Morristown		Exit 52 (I-287)
Butler14.9824.11 CR 511 (Boonton Avenue) – Kinnelon, Boonton, Butler
PassaicWest Milford21.8435.15
 CR 513 north (Union Valley Road) – Newfoundland, West Milford, Greenwood Lake		South end of CR 513 overlap
MorrisJefferson Township22.0935.55
 CR 513 south (Green Pond Road) – Green Pond		North end of CR 513 overlap
SussexHardyston Township26.8743.24North end of expressway section

 CR 515 north (Stockholm-Vernon Road) – Highland Lakes, Vernon		Southern terminus of CR 515
Franklin31.6450.92
 CR 517 south (Munsonhurst Road) – Ogdensburg, Sparta		South end of CR 517 overlap
Hamburg34.3555.28
 CR 517 north (Quarry Road)		North end of CR 517 overlap
35.4557.05 Route 94 (Vernon Avenue) – Newton, McAfee, Great Gorge, Vernon
Wantage Township38.5261.99
 CR 565 north (Glenwood Road) – Vernon		South end of CR 565 overlap
39.1863.05
 CR 565 south (Lewisburg Road) – Frankford		North end of CR 565 overlap
Sussex39.9564.29
 Route 284 north (E. Main Street) – Unionville, Middletown		Southern terminus of Route 284
Wantage Township45.0472.48
 CR 519 south (Colesville-Lusscroft Road) – Frankford, Beemerville		South end of CR 519 overlap
47.2676.06
 CR 519 north (Greenville Road) – Greenville		North end of CR 519 overlap
Montague Township52.6384.70


 CR 15 north (Tappen Road) to I-84 / US 6 – Port Jervis		New York state line; northern terminus
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "New Jersey Route 23 straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved March 17, 2020.
  2. ^ a b National Highway System: New Jersey (PDF) (Map). Federal Highway Administration. September 30, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Google (2009-01-05). "overview of New Jersey Route 23" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
  4. ^ a b Boud, Tom (September 15, 2008). "Spaghetti Bowl project complete". Passaic Valley Today.
  5. ^ "US 202 straight line diagram" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
  6. ^ Chesler, Caren (2001-06-24). "ON THE ROAD; The Longest Light". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-01-12.
  7. ^ Google (September 10, 2013). "Street View on Interstate 84 eastbound at Exit 1 in New York" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved September 10, 2013.
  8. ^ Snyder, John (1969). "The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries 1606-1968" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ^ "History of Pequannock NJ". NJProperty Realty Services. Archived from the original on October 23, 2007. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
  10. ^ "New Jersey Department of Transportation-New Jersey Historic Bridge Data-Bureau of Environmental Services" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
  11. ^ "Early turnpikes helped all travelers". New Jersey Herald. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  12. ^ Annual Report. New Jersey State Highway Department. 1917.
  13. ^ State of New Jersey, Laws of 1927, Chapter 319.
  14. ^ 1927 New Jersey Road Map (Map). State of New Jersey. Archived from the original on 2007-10-31. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
  15. ^ "Cut-Off Route To Open Sunday". The Morning Call. 1934-11-30. p. 13. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  16. ^ "Route 23 Traffic Decreases". The Morning Call. 1935-12-05. p. 22. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  17. ^ "Driscoll Opens New Extension Of Route 23". The Herald-News. 1953-06-27. p. 1. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  18. ^ "Work on Dualization of Route 23 In W. Milford to Start Sept. 25". The News. 1963-09-07. p. 10. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  19. ^ "Open Section of Rt. 23 Through West Milford". The News. 1965-12-15. p. 19. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  20. ^ "Route 23 Dualization Project Is Completed". Newspapers.com. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  21. ^ General Location of National System of Interstate Highways in New York, New York (Map). Bureau of Public Roads. 1955. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
  22. ^ Regional Highways: Status Report. Tri-State Transportation Commission. 1962.
  23. ^ "Interstate 80-84 Links Opposed". The New York Times. November 27, 1972.
  24. ^ Burks, Edward C. (November 4, 1973). "Highway Programs Showing Progress". The New York Times.
  25. ^ Narvaez, Alfonso A. (September 9, 1979). "Transport Bond Issue At Stake; Bonds for Transit". The New York Times.
  26. ^ "Route 23 Sussex Borough Realignment - Overview". New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2010-08-18.
  27. ^ "Route 23 Sussex Borough Realignment Project Plan" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2010-08-18.
  28. ^ "Route 23 Sussex Borough Realignment - Schedule". New Jersey Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2010-08-18.

External links

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