A59 (Great Britain)

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A59

Route of the A59 road across Northern England
A59 - geograph.org.uk - 1201079.jpg
A dual-carriageway stretch of A59 near Clitheroe
Route information
Maintained by Lancashire County Council
Liverpool City Council
North Yorkshire Council
Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council
York City Council
Length109 mi[1] (175 km)
History1936 (designated the A59)
Major junctions
West endLiverpool
Major intersections
East endYork
Location
CountryUnited Kingdom
CountiesMerseyside, Lancashire, North Yorkshire
Primary
destinations		Liverpool
Preston
Clitheroe
Skipton
Harrogate
York
Road network
← A58→ A60

The A59 is a major road in England which is around 109 miles (175 km) long and runs from Wallasey, Merseyside to York, North Yorkshire. The alignment formed part of the Trunk Roads Act 1936, being then designated as the A59. It is a key route connecting Merseyside at the M53 motorway to Yorkshire, passing through three counties and connecting to various major motorways. The road is a combination of historical routes combined with contemporary roads and a mixture of dual and single carriageway. Some sections of the A59 in Yorkshire closely follow the routes of Roman roads, some dating back to the Middle Ages as salt roads, whilst much of the A59 in Merseyside follows Victorian routes which are largely unchanged to the present day.

Numerous bypasses have been constructed throughout the 20th century, one of the earliest being the Maghull bypass in the early 1930s, particularly where traffic through towns was congested. Portions of the route through Lancashire were proposed to be upgraded to motorway standard during the mid-20th century, latterly being downgraded to significant improvements then ultimately withdrawn from consideration. Sections of the road have previously been noted as being amongst the most dangerous in the country, particularly in Yorkshire, despite continued efforts to improve road safety.

Route

Merseyside

The A59 starts in Wallasey at the northern end of the M53 motorway and heading through the Kingsway Tunnel. In the centre of Liverpool, a separate 0.7 miles (1.1 km) spur heads north from the roundabout junction at the entrance of the Queensway Tunnel, joining the main route at Scotland Road in Vauxhall. It continues north through Kirkdale and Walton, passing Aintree Racecourse and Ormskirk Road (forming the boundary between Aintree and Netherton), before reaching Switch Island junction where it meets the A5036, M57 motorway and the M58 motorway. From Switch Island, the A59 travels through Maghull and Lydiate, into Lancashire through Aughton and thence to Ormskirk, roughly parallel to the Merseyrail Northern Line path.

Lancashire

At Ormskirk, it reverts from a dual to single carriageway on an old bypass. The road follows through Burscough and Rufford, despite a bypass being considered for this section in the early 1980s,[2] before reaching the A565 at Tarleton. The road continues over the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and River Douglas through to Longton (and Hutton) bypass, where it returns to dual carriageway. Passing Lancashire Police HQ, the road bypasses Penwortham and continues across the River Ribble into Preston, by-passing the city centre via Ring Way, where the A583 from Blackpool converges. It briefly merges with the A6 before heading East and meeting the M6 at junction 31, after which the road splits into two separate carriageways until it meets the A677 for Blackburn.

The A59 continues through Myerscough Smithy then runs around the perimeter of Samlesbury Aerodrome (a British Aerospace installation). At Longsight Road, it passes through Salesbury until meeting A666, at which point it bypasses Billington, Whalley then Clitheroe, Chatburn and the village of Sawley before reaching Gisburn.

Yorkshire

The Long Causeway

From Horton it enters North Yorkshire and goes through West and East Marton before meeting the A56, after which the road passes Broughton. Past Broughton, the road meets the Skipton bypass at its western end, where it overlaps the A65 on its route between Kendal and Leeds, de-merging with the A65 further to the east. The road continues over the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway through a roundabout junction with the B6160 before rising up Beamsley hill. At the top of the hill, the road crosses into the Harrogate district, at which points there is a long narrow, twisting descent, known as Kex Gill, that leads to Blubberhouses village.

A stretch of A59 between Skipton and Harrogate

The A59 then runs along the head of Fewston Reservoir and follows the route of a Roman road past the 'golf balls' at Menwith Hill, an RAF station. As Skipton Road, the A59 then declines towards Harrogate passing Kettlesing. Reaching Harrogate as Skipton Road, it meets the A61 Ripon Road for Ripon, Harrogate town centre and Leeds, before continuing through the suburbs of the town as Skipton Road. This section of the A59 is widely considered to be one of the busiest roads in North Yorkshire. Part of this section travels across the Stray, an act-protected tract of grassy land which horseshoes around the town centre. The A59 then turns left at the Empress Roundabout, which is itself on the Stray, towards the suburb of Starbeck, although traffic travelling towards York is directed onto the A661 Wetherby Road to utilise the A658 Harrogate and Knaresborough Southern Bypass. The A59, however, continues to travel through Starbeck as Knaresborough Road and later High Street, then heads east to Knaresborough, passing through the town centre before heading towards York as York Road.

The remainder of the route is comparatively flat. From Knaresborough, the A59 meets up with York-directed traffic from Harrogate on the A658, and skirts to the north of Goldsborough towards the A1(M). The A59 heads towards York, travelling close to such places as Nun Monkton, Moor Monkton and Upper Poppleton before crossing Holgate Bridge and finally ending just to the south of the city walls at a zebra crossing at the junction of Tadcaster Road and Nunnery Lane, the A1036.

History

Early history

The A59 in Yorkshire from Green Hammerton to York follows the path of an old Roman road known locally as Watling Street and may in Medieval times have been used as a salt road.[3] Archaeological digging in 2008 showed the Roman road crossing the River Nidd on an old county bridge prior to diverging north-east of Green Hammerton, contrary to previous understanding of the route.[4] Evidence of ditches earlier than the Roman conquest of Britain were also uncovered during the archaeological dig in 2008, suggesting a road network present in the area dating back to the Iron Age.[5]

19th century

Much of the present-day Merseyside alignment is unchanged over the last century, with the route through Liverpool to Switch Island junction in Aintree utilising existing road infrastructure from the Victorian era, such as Scotland Road.[6] The present day alignment between Switch Island junction and Aughton, Lancashire via Maghull was non-existent prior to the 20th century, with the connecting roads being typically smaller lanes which still exist today. The A59's Ormskirk junction with the B5195 Turnpike Road is where the A59's continues along its Victorian alignment, known as Hollborn Hill before continuing through Ormskirk and West Lancashire.[7] In Clitheroe district prior to the opening of the new Chatburn road in 1827[8] the main Liverpool / Skipton route ran through Clitheroe town via Whalley road and Pimlico over the limestone ridge of Chatburn Old road.[9] The original route in Sawley village skirted the River Ribble from Smithies bridge and may have used the relatively steep & narrow brow from near the Spread Eagle pub, alongside the River Ribble, prior to today's route the A59 ran up from Southport House.[10]

20th century

The route from Liverpool to Leeds via Preston was one of many roads across the country to be designated a trunk road in the Trunk Roads Act 1936, being given the designation A59 and encompassing the alignment from Liverpool to Skipton.[11] The route fell within the first schedule of the act, which also included around 4,460 miles (7,180 km) of road to be trunked and designated.[12]

This century saw the vast majority of the A59's bypasses constructed, some of which were built before trunking, including a bypass of Ormskirk town centre in Lancashire, which appeared on maps from 1929 onwards as "Byepass Road" and subsequently forming the A59.[13] Numerous additional bypasses were built after the road was trunked, to realign the A59 away from routes where it may have previously travelled through busy towns and cities. One of the earliest examples is in Lancashire with the Longton Bypass, which was constructed during 1956–57 at an estimated cost of £491,000 (equivalent to £15,480,000 in 2023).[14] Prior to the bypass, the A59 travelled through the villages of Walmer Bridge, Longton and Hutton before being realigned to their east.[15]

Old and new courses of the A59 at Hazlewood

In Yorkshire at Beamsley Hill, there are two lanes east-bound (on an incline) and a single lane west-bound, some of which was improved at various points during the late 20th century, such as in Hazlewood, where the A59 was rerouted to become a largely straight road, bypassing the now older winding route which exists to its north-west.[16] The A59 was also rerouted just to the east of the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway during the same period, requiring construction of a new Bolton Bridge over the River Wharfe, with the former alignment now forming a bridleway.[17]

Up until the early 1970s, the start of the A59 was in the centre of Liverpool; this now forms a small spur connecting to the present day A59, which runs through the Kingsway Tunnel from its start point in Wallasey. The Birkenhead alignment of the A59 utilises a disused railway cutting to link the road up to the M53 motorway.[18][19] In Lancashire, the A59 was realigned[20] during the same period in the early 1970s, to bypass the towns of Clitheroe / Whalley plus the villages of Chatburn & Sawley. The Chatburn section includes a deep limestone cutting with the Downham road bridge overhead. Most of it was constructed as a single-carriageway despite parliamentary concerns that it would be less safe than a dual-carriageway.[21] The Sawley brow section was 3 lanes with overtaking both ways, but following several serious accidents, is now only overtaking allowed on the uphill east-bound side. The bypass had been confirmed the year before at an estimated cost of £3.4 million (equivalent to £70,684,211 in 2023).[22]

The A59 (new alignment) near Bolton Bridge, approx 3 miles east of Skipton

The A59 stretch of the Skipton Bypass was opened in 1981 at an estimated cost of £16.4 million (equivalent to £79,399,121 in 2023),[23] crossing the B6265 north of the town and providing relief to traffic congestion.[24] The A59 was upgraded to primary status during the 1990s due to its increased perceived importance as an east–west route.[citation needed] This stretch of the route was claimed in 2004 to be one of the busiest roads in North Yorkshire.[25]

Whilst now skirting to the north of Goldsborough towards the A1(M), originally the route went through the village of Flaxby and onto Allerton, but the route now travels a restricted east–west route and meets the A1(M) at its junction 47. The road originally ended to the south of Green Hammerton, with the A66 routed down from Boroughbridge and going into York.[citation needed]

Bypass improvements

The A59 in Yorkshire was part of North Yorkshire's 30-year transport plan in 2016, including maintenance of potholes and resurfacing works, as well as the potential construction of new routes.[26]

Numerous sections of the route have been realigned at various stages, particularly where the previous alignment had travelled through busy villages or towns. Most have been constructed since the route was trunked and designated the A59, however some parts, such as the Maghull bypass, had been constructed prior to the Trunk Roads Act 1936.

List of A59 Bypasses

Section Start End Constructed Type Length
Maghull Bypass[27] Maghull Lydiate 1932–1933 Dual-carriageway 4 miles (6.4 km)
Longton Bypass[14] Walmer Bridge Hutton 1956–1957 Dual-carriageway 2.6 miles (4.2 km)
Clitheroe-Whalley Bypass[22] Billington Chatburn 1969–1970 Single-carriageway 8.3 miles (13.4 km)
Skipton Bypass[28] Broughton Skipton 1979–1981 Single-carriageway 3 miles (4.8 km)
Ormskirk Bypass[29] Bickerstaffe Bretherton Proposed 1982 Not constructed
Burscough Bypass[30] Burscough Proposed 1982 Not constructed
Green Hammerton Bypass[31] Green Hammerton 1988–1989 Single-carriageway 1.3 miles (2.1 km)
Mellor Brook Bypass[32] Mellor Brook 1991–1992 Single-carriageway 0.8 miles (1.3 km)
Penwortham Bypass[33][34] Preston Howick Cross c.1984–2019 Dual-carriageway 3.3 miles (5.3 km)

Kex Gill Bypass proposal

Main article: Kex Gill Bypass

A bypass has been proposed for the Kex Gill section of road that spans from Blubberhouses to the top of Beamsley Hill. The road has been closed on many occasions since 2010 (particularly in 2016 when it was closed for 8 weeks for emergency repair work). It was closed again due to a landslip in May 2018 and local planners have stated that a new section of road should be built to the north of the current route on the other side of a very small and narrow valley.[35][36] North Yorkshire County Council have stated that they will start to construct the £30 million bypass in spring 2020. At the same time, they revealed that the closure and repairs bill for the section of the A59 at Kex gill was over £3 million for the period of 2009–2018.[37] Plans for a 2.5-mile (4 km) bypass were submitted in December 2019, with the cost expected to be around £43.7 million.[38]

Motorway proposals

Parts of the route could have become the M59 Motorway

A bypass road for Ormskirk and Burscough respectively was first proposed as part of James Drake's 1949 Road Plan for Lancashire, described as an all-purpose road but later considered to be a potential motorway by 1958 and given the designation of A59(M). By 1963, Lancashire County Council had dropped the plans for a motorway of this nature, instead deciding to focus later efforts during the mid-1970s on proposing a scheme to improve the A59 link between Liverpool and Preston. This proposal was at the time considered to potentially become the M59 motorway, with investigations into all practical options being considered,[39] however the motorway was ultimately never constructed. A map published by Lancashire County Council and dated 1974 shows the suggested route of the motorway, starting at the missing M58 motorway junction 2 and continuing north-bound towards Blackpool along the alignment of the A59.[40] However, the road could still happen after the completion of the Preston Western Distributor Road (A582) in July 2023.

Road safety

The A59 has persistently featured in the top 10 most dangerous roads in Britain.[41] A report by The Sunday Times in 2004 branded a section of road between the towns of Skipton and Harrogate as being "the most hazardous primary route in the nation", suggesting that the cost to implement safety measures to reduce the number of incidents could be in the region of £3 million. North Yorkshire County Council claimed they were taking steps to reduce fatalities on the road and that accidents on the stretch in question was still too high, despite the number of accidents in 2003 being at its lowest in six years.[42] The newspaper had also reported on the lives of those who have lost loved ones on the road.[43]

In 2008 European Road Assessment Programme reported the risk of being involved in a death or disabling injury accident as being between Low-medium and Medium-high depending on the section of road travelled.[44] There were renewed calls in 2017 to improve the A59 in Ribble Valley, Lancashire, with MP Nigel Evans describing the A59 as a "dangerous road" whilst requesting the police carry out a full audit of accidents in an effort to tackle the problem.[45] A proposal to improve safety of the road between Skipton and Harrogate, which is the only direct route between the towns, was discussed by councillors in March 2017. Numerous possible re-alignments are being considered in an effort to minimize or eradicate the impact of road closures, which has cost the council almost £1 million.[46]

Junctions and landmarks

There are numerous junctions along the route of the A59, including motorway and other A-road junctions. Major junctions and landmarks are listed below.

Distance Junction/Landmark Location
Merseyside
0 miles (0 km) Junction 1.svg UK-Motorway-M53.svg M53 motorway Wallasey
Pictograms-nps-misc-tunnel.svg Kingsway Tunnel
Riversign.jpg River Mersey
4.3 miles (6.9 km)[47] A580 (East Lancashire Road) (from spur) Kirkdale
5.6 miles (9.0 km)[47] A5058 (Queens Drive) Walton
9.1 miles (14.6 km)[48] Junction 7.svg UK-Motorway-M57.svg M57 motorway Aintree
Junction 1.svg UK-Motorway-M58.svg M58 motorway
Lancashire
15.3 miles (24.6 km)[49] A570 (Southport Road) Ormskirk
25 miles (40 km)[49] A565 Tarleton
Riversign.jpg River Ribble
Icon train.svg West Coast Main Line
34.0 miles (54.7 km) A583 Preston
34.5 miles (55.5 km)[50] A6
36.9 miles (59.4 km)[50] 31 UK-Motorway-M6.svg M6 motorway
Parlick 234-34.jpg Forest of Bowland
58.1 miles (93.5 km)[50] A682 (Burnley Road) Gisburn
Yorkshire
64.8 miles (104.3 km)[51] A56 Broughton
67.8 miles (109.1 km)[51] A65 (Skipton Bypass) Skipton
2015 Swaledale from Kisdon Hill.jpg Yorkshire Dales
Air Force ISR Agency.png RAF Menwith Hill
89.2 miles (143.6 km)[51] A61 (Ripon Road) Harrogate
90.8 miles (146.1 km)[51] A661 (Wetherby Road) Harrogate
Riversign.jpg River Nidd
95.1 miles (153.0 km)[51] A658 (Harrogate & Knaresborough Southern Bypass) Goldsborough
97.3 miles (156.6 km)[51] 47 UK-Motorway-A1 (M).svg A1(M) motorway Allerton Mauleverer
107.4 miles (172.8 km)[51] A1237 Upper Poppleton
Icon train.svg East Coast Main Line
109.9 miles (176.9 km)[51] A1036 (Blossom Street) York

References

  1. ^ "Google Maps A59 route". Google Maps. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
  2. ^ "Burscough (Bypass) Proposal 1981". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Written Answers. 15 December 1981. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  3. ^ "An Ancient Way in Kettlesing". BBC. 1986. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  4. ^ "Roman settlement uncovered during work on new pipeline". York Press. 1 October 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  5. ^ "Green Hammerton dig". York Press. 2 October 2008. Retrieved 29 April 2017.
  6. ^ "Side by Side Map Viewer, Merseyside (c1900 to present day)". National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  7. ^ "Side by Side Map Viewer, Maghull & Aughton (c1900 to present day)". National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  8. ^ Clitheroe's thousand years
  9. ^ 1818 Greenwood map
  10. ^ "MARIO - Maps & Related Information Online". Mario.lancashire.gov.uk. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  11. ^ "Trunk Roads Act 1936, Chapter 5". UK Government. 18 December 1936. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  12. ^ Henwood, William (12 October 2002). "Trunk Roads Acts 1936 and 1949" (PDF). Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  13. ^ "Lancashire OS six-inch, Edition of 1929, Ormskirk Division". National Library of Scotland. 1929. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  14. ^ a b "Longton By-Pass Estimated Cost". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Written Answers. 14 March 1957. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  15. ^ "Side by Side Map Viewer, Longton (1937–61 to present day)". National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  16. ^ "Side by Side Map Viewer, Hazelwood (1937–61 to present day)". National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  17. ^ "Side by Side Map Viewer, Bolton Bridge (1937–61 to present day)". National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  18. ^ "Side by Side Map Viewer, Wallasey (1955–61 to present day)". National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  19. ^ "Mersey Tunnel Users Association – History". Tunnel Users. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  20. ^ "Side by Side Map Viewer, Clitheroe Bypass (1955–61 to present day)". National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  21. ^ "Whalley Clitheroe by Pass (1970)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Lords. 4 February 1970. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  22. ^ a b "Whalley—Clitheroe By-Pass Estimated Cost". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Written Answers. 10 February 1969. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  23. ^ "Timeline History of Skipton". Visitor UK. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  24. ^ "Side by Side Map Viewer, Skipton (1937–61 to present day)". National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  25. ^ "New appeals for £23m bypass". The Yorkshire Post. 17 May 2004. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  26. ^ "Big new transport plan: A64 & A59 could be improved but cyclists to lose out". York Press. 2 February 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  27. ^ "Maghull Red Lion Bridge and Bypass". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 22 March 1933. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
  28. ^ "Trunk Road Schemes (1979)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Written Answers. 6 November 1979. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  29. ^ "Ormskirk Bypass (1979)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Written Answers. 22 June 1979. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  30. ^ "Burscough Bypass". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Written Answers. 27 October 1982. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  31. ^ "Transport Supplementary Grant (1988)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Written Answers. 7 March 1988. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  32. ^ "Bypasses and Service Stations (1996)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Written Answers. 24 July 1996. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  33. ^ Lynn, Iain (30 August 2019). "Penwortham Bypass: How it all started in 1984". Lancashire Evening Post. National World Publishing Ltd. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  34. ^ Ellis, Adrian (31 December 2021). "Penwortham can breathe again as millions of vehicles divert to new bypass". Lancashire Evening Post. National World Publishing Ltd. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  35. ^ Tate, Lesley (1 June 2018). "A59 between Skipton and Harrogate to remain closed over weekend". Craven Herald. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
  36. ^ Minting, Stuart (27 July 2018). "New route for Trans-Pennine A-road agreed". Darlington and Stockton Times. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
  37. ^ Tate, Lesley (18 April 2019). "Latest repairs to A59 at Kex Gill have cost £1.4 million says county council". Craven Herald. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  38. ^ Tate, Lesley (17 December 2019). "Plans lodged for new section of road at Kex Gill on the A59". Craven Herald. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
  39. ^ "M59 (Preston-Liverpool) Update Request". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Written Answers. 18 June 1974. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  40. ^ "Lancashire County Council Historic Highways – Proposed Motorways 1974". Lancashire County Council. Archived from the original on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  41. ^ "How Safe Are Britain's Main Roads?" (PDF). The AA Motoring Trust. 2006-05-31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
  42. ^ "Countil hits back over danger road". Ripon Gazette. 1 October 2004. Archived from the original on 13 April 2017. Retrieved 13 April 2017.
  43. ^ Webster, Ben (15 June 2014). "Britain's most dangerous road". The Times. London: The News International. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  44. ^ "Search Results – GB A59 (Risk Rate)". EuroRAP. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
  45. ^ "Calls to reduce number of crashes on A59 after 24-year-old woman seriously injured". Lancashire Telegraph. 27 February 2017. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
  46. ^ "Fresh support for bid to upgrade A59 at Kex Gill". Craven Herald. 9 March 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  47. ^ a b A59 start to A5058 through A580 (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  48. ^ A5058 to Switch Island (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  49. ^ a b Switch Island to Tarleton (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  50. ^ a b c Tarleton to Gisburn (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  51. ^ a b c d e f g h Gisburn to York (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 16 April 2017.

External links

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