Types of road
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A road is a thoroughfare, route, or way on land between two places that has been surfaced or otherwise improved to allow travel by foot or some form of conveyance, including a motor vehicle, cart, bicycle, or horse. Roads have been adapted to a large range of structures and types in order to achieve a common goal of transportation under a large and wide range of conditions. The specific purpose, mode of transport, material[1][2] and location of a road determine the characteristics it must have in order to maximize its usefulness. Following is one classification scheme.
Taxonomy of road
Marohn distinguishes between roads that are designed for mobility which he terms "roads" and those that are function to "build a place", build community wealth and provide access to land. He argues the value of a road in terms of both community wealth and mobility is maximised when the road speed is either low or high, but not at midpoints such as 45 mph. He refers to this low-value midpoint of speed and land access as a stroad.[3]:
Types of roads
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Lower capacity roads
- B road
- Brick Road
- Bundesstraße
- Byway
- Causeway
- Collector road
- Corniche
- Frontage road
- Gemeindestraße
- Highway
- Kreisstraße
- Lane
- Landesstraße
- Loop
- Road
- Roundabout (Also see intersecting roadways)
- Route
- Side road
- Single carriageway
- Stravenue
- Tree tunnel
Streets
- Alley
- Street
- Avenue
- Boulevard
- Circle
- Close
- Crescent
- Court
- Cul-de-sac / Dead end (street)
- Drive
- Living street
- One-way street
- Path
- Place
- Plaza
- Terrace
- Way
- Woonerf
Primitive roads
Large roads
- Higher capacity roads, sometimes with medians
- Expressways (Limited-access roads and grade-separated highways)
Private roads
Intersecting roads
Material type
Roads also may be classified based on their pavement material types. For instance, the Long-Term Pavement Performance database includes more than 30 types of pavement types for roads in the US and Canada.[2][4][5] However, a more generic classification of roads based on material type is as follows.[5][6]
- Concrete roads
- Asphalt roads
- Gravel roads
- Earthen roads[7]
- Murrum roads
- Kankar roads
- Bituminous roads[8]
Other thoroughfares
References
- ^ Piryonesi, Sayed Madeh (November 2019). Piryonesi, S. M. (2019). The Application of Data Analytics to Asset Management: Deterioration and Climate Change Adaptation in Ontario Roads (Doctoral dissertation) (Thesis).
- ^ a b Elkins, G.E., Schmalzer, P., Thompson, T., and Simpson, A. 2003. Long-Term Pavement Performance Information Management System Pavement Performance Database User Reference Guide.
- ^ Marohn, Charles L., Jr. (2021). Confessions of a recovering engineer : transportation for a strong town (1st ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey. ISBN 978-1-119-69929-3. OCLC 1253442641.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Piryonesi, S. M.; El-Diraby, T. E. (2020) [Published online: December 21, 2019]. "Data Analytics in Asset Management: Cost-Effective Prediction of the Pavement Condition Index". Journal of Infrastructure Systems. 26 (1): 04019036. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000512. S2CID 213782055.
- ^ a b Piryonesi, Sayed Madeh (November 2019). Piryonesi, S. M. (2019). The Application of Data Analytics to Asset Management: Deterioration and Climate Change Adaptation in Ontario Roads (Doctoral dissertation) (Thesis).
- ^ Way, N.C., Beach, P., and Materials, P. 2015. ASTM D 6433–07: Standard Practice for Roads and Parking Lots Pavement Condition Index Surveys.
- ^ "9 Types of Roads in civil Engineering and Construction". 2 October 2020.
- ^ "Properties of bituminous materials and Uses, Chemical composition". 9 October 2020.
External links
- "C1 Street Suffix Abbreviations". USPS.com. USPS. Retrieved 15 May 2019.