Speed limits by country

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Highest-posted speed limits around the world. Kilometres per hour are on the left and miles per hour on the right.

A speed limit is the limit of speed allowed by law for road vehicles, usually the maximum speed allowed. Occasionally, there is a minimum speed limit.[1] Advisory speed limits also exist, which are recommended but not mandatory speeds. Speed limits are commonly set by the legislative bodies of national or local governments.

Overview

The following tables show various jurisdictions' default speed limits (where applicable) that apply to different types of vehicles travelling on three different types of road. Actual speed limits may range beyond these values. Speeds are listed in kilometres per hour unless otherwise stated. The enforcement tolerance is specified in km/h or percentage above the stated limit. For the United Kingdom and the United States, the speed limit is still listed in miles per hour.[fn 1]

Germany is the only country where some motorways do not have a maximum speed limit. The 130 km/h is sign-posted as a general advisory speed limit for motorways in the entry of the country. Due to those Autobahns, Germany is considered a country without a general speed limit on its highways.[2] The Isle of Man is the only jurisdiction without a general speed limit on rural two-lane roads.

Definitions

Numerous countries have a different general speed limit for urban roads than on remaining roads. Such differences exist since the beginning of the 20th century, in countries such as United Kingdom and France. This concept is formally defined as road within built-up area in various regulations, including Vienna convention, even if UK has re-branded them as street lighted or restricted area. More informally they are known as urban road. In 2017, most of all IRTAD countries have a default speed limit in urban roads of 50 km/h, with various lower speeds, for instance, in the Netherlands, 70% of the urban roads are limited to 30 km/h.[3]

Some countries, for instance the US, India or China, do not have a specific urban road maximum speed.

Different speed limits exist for heavy good vehicles (HGV) but the limit for HGV is country dependent: while most Eurasian and American countries might use the Vienna convention's 3.5-tonne limit, other countries in North America, China, India, Australia or Ireland might use different weight limits.

Countries

Country Within towns Controlled-access highway/ motorway/ expressway Outside built-up areas/regional highways Automobiles & motorcycles Lorries or automobiles with trailer Enforcement tolerance
 Albania[4][5] 40 110 80 80–90 60–70
 Argentina 40–60 100–130 80 80–110 80
 Australia[6] 40–60 100–130[fn 2] 100[fn 3] 100–110[fn 2] 100[fn 3] 3 in Victoria, 10% over speed limit in other states
 Austria[7] 50 130 80–100 100 70/80
 Azerbaijan[8] 40–60 110 90
 Belarus 60 120 (motorcycles 90) [9] 90 90 70
 Belgium[10] 20–50 90–120 90 70–90 70–90 6 km/h up to 100 km/h, 6% over
 Bosnia and Herzegovina[11] 50[12] 130 (motorways)
100 (expressways)		 80 80 80 10 km/h[13]
 Brazil 40–70 80–120 80–100 80–110 80 (90 for buses) 7 km/h up to 107 km/h, 7% over, rounded to nearest integer [14]
 Brunei 50 100 80 80 80
 Bulgaria[15] 50 140 (motorcycles 100) 100 90 (motorcycles 80) 80
 Canada[16] 30-50 100–120[17] 60–100 depends on province Officially 0 (fines specified for 1 km/h over in Alberta[18]), unofficially 20%–40% depending on officer
 Chile 30-50 120 (automobiles & motorcycle)
100 (interurban bus only)		 90 90 90 5 km/h
 China 30–60 100–120 80 60–80 80–100 (80–110 for Buses)[19] 20% of speed limit in highways and 50% of speed limit within towns and outside built up area
— Hong Kong[20] 50 100–110[21] 70 50–80 50–70 10 km/h
— Macau 20–60 60–80 N/A 50–80 N/A
— Taiwan 40–60 100–110 80–90 50–80 60–80 10 km/h
 Costa Rica 45 80–100 80 60 60
 Croatia 50 130 (motorways)
110 (expressways)		 80 90 80 10 km/h up to 100 km/h; 10% over
 Cyprus[22] 30–50 100 100 80 80
 Czech Republic[23] 50 130 (motorways)

110 (expressways) 80 (urban expressways & motorways)

90 90 80 3 km/h up to 100 km/h; 3% over
 Denmark[24] 50 130 [fn 4] 80 80 80
— Faroe Islands 50 80
— Greenland 50 80
 Estonia 50 90–120[25][26] 90 90–120 90
 Finland[27] 50 80–120[fn 5] 80 80 80
— Åland 50 70–90
 France[28] 50 110 (100 in rain) (expressways)
130 (110 in rain) (motorways)		 80–90 80–90 60[fn 6]–90 5 km/h up to 100 km/h; 5% above 100 km/h
 Georgia[29] 60 (20 in residential areas) 110 80 90 70
 Germany[30] 50 None, recommended speed 130 km/h.[fn 7] 80–100[fn 8] 100 60 (trucks)
80		 3 km/h up to 100 km/h; 3% over
 Greece[31] 50 110 (expressways)

130 (motorways)

80 90 70
 Hungary[32] 50 (in general)

30 (in residential areas) 60–70 (on main roads)

110 (expressways)

130 (motorways)

90 90–110 70 15 km/h up to (and including) 100 km/h; 20 km/h over
 Iceland 50 N/A N/A 90 (paved roads) / 80 (gravel roads)[33] 80
 India 50 120 60 80 65
 Indonesia 40-60 60-100 80 50-80 60–80 10% of speed limit within towns and 20% of speed limit in toll roads.
 Iran 50 70–120 70–110 70–110 70–110
 Ireland[34] 30–50 120 90 80–100 80
 Israel[35] 50 100–120 90 80–90 80 10
 Italy 50 130 (110 in adverse weather) (motorways)

110 (expressways)

80 90 70
 Japan 30–60 100–120
70–80 (single-lane expressways)		 80 30 (~50cc), 30–60 (50cc~) 50–80
 Kazakhstan[36] 60 140 110
 South Korea 30–60[37] 80–120 80 80–90 40–60
 Latvia[38] 50 90–110 80–90 80–90 80
 Lebanon 50 100
 Liechtenstein[39] 50 N/A N/A 80 80
 Lithuania[40] 50 110–130 90 70–90 70–90
 Luxembourg[41] 50 130 (110 in rain) 90 90 75 3 km/h below 100 km/h; 3% above 100 km/h[42]
 North Macedonia 50 120 80–100
 Malaysia 30–60 110 80–90 70–90[fn 9] 70–80
80–90 (in expressway)
 Malta[43] 30–50 80 60
 Mexico[44] 20–50 100–110 80–95[45] 70–90 80–95
 Netherlands[46] 50 (30 in residential areas, in 70% or urban streets[47]) 80–130[fn 10][fn 11] (motorways)
100 (expressways)		 80 80 80 7 km/h
 New Zealand[48] 30–50 100–110 60–100 100 (30–90 when towing, depending on vehicle)[49] 90 (80 school buses) 10 (school zones, 4)[50]
 Norway[51] 50 100–110 80 80 80
 Pakistan 40 100–120 100 50–80 100
 Peru 50 100 100 (90 buses) 60–100 70–80
 Philippines [52][53] 20–60 100 [54] 40–80 40–80 30–50
 Poland 50 100 (single-lane expressways)
120 (dual-lane expressways)
140 (motorways)		 90 90 (single-lane)
100 (dual-lane)		 70 / 80
 Portugal 50 120 90 90–100 70–80
 Romania[55] 50 (in certain areas as low as 25) 130 (motorways)

120 (expressways)

80 (expressways in mountainous areas)

90 (100 on highways designated as European Roads) 90–100 70–90 9
— Moldova 50 No such highways 90 (110 in certain areas only) 90–110 70 9
 Russia 60 (20 in residential areas) 110–130 90 90 70–90 20
 Serbia 50 100 (expressways)

130[56] (motorways)

80 80 80
 Singapore 50 90 60 80–90 60 10
 Slovakia[57] 50 130 (100 in built-up areas)

100 (Single line expressways)

90 90 90
 Slovenia[58] 50 130 80–100 90 80
 South Africa 60 120 80–100 80–100 80–100
 Spain[59] 30–50 120[fn 12] 80–90 90 80 7 km/h up to 100 km/h; 7% over
 Sweden[60] 30–60 110–120 70–90 70–100 70–80
 Switzerland[61] 50 100 (expressways)

120 (motorways)

80 80 80 3--14 km/h, depending on measurement method and speed limit[62]
 Thailand 60–80 80–120 100 90 80
 Turkey 50 110 (expressways)(motorcycles 90 if L3)

130–140 (motorways) [fn 13][63]

85 (expressways)

90 (motorways)

90 (motorcycles 80 if L3) 80 10% over the limit
 United Arab Emirates 80 140–160 120–140 120 80
 United Kingdom[fn 1][64] 20/30 mph (32/48 km/h) 70 mph (112 km/h) (both motorways and dual-carriageways)[fn 14] 60/70 mph (96/112 km/h)[fn 15] dependent on class (motorways)
50/60/70 mph (80/96/112 km/h), ditto (trunk dual-carriageways)		 60 mph (96 km/h) 40/50/60 mph (64/80/96 km/h) dependent on class.[fn 15] 2–9 mph dependent on limit and jurisdiction.[fn 16] Patrol officers use own discretion.
— Gibraltar[65] 30–50 N/A N/A N/A N/A
— Isle of Man[fn 1] 30 mph (48 km/h) N/A No limit[66] N/A
 United States[fn 17] 15–55 miles per hour (24–89 km/h)) 55–85 miles per hour (89–137 km/h)[fn 18][fn 19] 40–65 miles per hour (64–105 km/h)[fn 20] Restrictions only in some states, typically 5–15 mph lower. None formally, though state-dependent
 Venezuela 40–60 kilometers per hour (25–37 mph) 120[fn 21] 60–120 80 40–60
 Vietnam[67] 50–60 120 (motorcycles 100) 60–90 60–80 60–80
 Zimbabwe 60 kilometers per hour (37 mph) 80–120 kilometers per hour (50–75 mph) 80–120 kilometers per hour (50–75 mph)
Zeichen 334: Ende einer Autobahn Usual interurban (non urban) speed limit in the European Union outside of motorways and outside of expressways
Legend:
   = 70 km/h;    = 80 km/h,    = 90 km/h;    = 96 km/h (60 mph);    = 100 km/h
Source Europa.eu[68]


France road sign M4g.svg National speed limits for heavy good vehicle (HGV) (>3.5 tonnes according to Vienna convention) in the European Union, on all roads including motorways
Legend:
   = 60 km/h;    = 70 km/h,    = 80 km/h,    = 90 km/h;    = 100 km/h;    = 110 km/h;    = 112 km/h (70 mph)
source Europa.eu[68]


Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c Speed limits are posted in miles per hour.
  2. ^ a b Default speed limits in Australia vary between states and territories. See Speed limits in Australia for more details.
  3. ^ a b No special limit applies for automobiles with trailers. A 100 km/h speed limit applies for heavy vehicles with a gross vehicle mass of 12 tonnes or more. A 100 km/h limit applies for buses with a gross vehicle mass of 5 tonnes or more. In some Australian states, Road Trains are limited to 90 km/h. In some cases, over steep descents or other potentially dangerous stretches of road, heavy vehicles may have other special speed limits as indicated by signage.
  4. ^ 80 for trucks. 100 for buses, 80 for buses with trailers*. 130 for cars, 80 for cars with trailers* (*unlesss trailer is equipped with a tempo 100 sign. In this case the limit is 100.).
  5. ^ During winter motorways have a speed limit of 100 km/h or less. Also most roads with 100 km/h speed limit in summer have 80 km/h limit during winter.
  6. ^ Speed limit is 60 km/h for trailers on 2-lane non-priority roads.
  7. ^ Some sections are covered by speed limits, usually ranging from 80 to 130 km/h. It is usual for drivers involved in crashes who were exceeding the 'recommended' speed limit to be held to be at least partly at fault, regardless of the circumstances of the crash, and insurance companies have the right to withhold payment. Vehicles also must be able to go faster than 60 km/h.
  8. ^ Additional trailer checkup (TÜV) and special speed plaque required on vehicle.
  9. ^ The speed limit on Malaysian federal and state roads has been reduced to 80 km/h during festive seasons, starting from the 2006 Hari Raya Aidilfitri.
  10. ^ 130 km/h is the default, but on substantial sections the limit is 100 km/h in densely populated regions or 80 km/h on major city ring roads. Nationally, a 100 km/h speed limit applies between 6:00 and 19:00 as of 1 March 2020.
  11. ^ Cars or vans pulling a trailer with a total weight of less than 3.5 metric tons with the trailer weighing less than 750 kg are allowed to drive 90 km/h, except where a lower speed limit is posted.
  12. ^ 100 km/h for vans, 90 km/h for vehicles with a trailer weighing 750 kg or less, 80 km/h for vehicles with a trailer weighing more than 750 kg.
  13. ^ 140 kmph for higher standard, newer motorways: O-5, O-6, O-7, O-21 (Ankara-Niğde section only), O-33)
    130 kmph for older motorways: O-3, O-4, O-21 (Niğde-Tarsus section only), O-31, O-32, O-52
  14. ^ In general, non-urban, all-purpose (i.e. not limited to motor traffic, except in the case of "A(M)" roads) dual carriageways are subject to the same 70 mph limit for light vehicles as motorways, but lower limits (50 and 60 mph) are in place for heavy trucks, buses/minibuses and towing vehicles. These roads take the place of motorways where a high-traffic trunk route is required but building a motorway would be impractical for reasons of cost and/or geography. For instance, steeper or more winding alignments and less forgiving junctions than would be found on motorways necessitate lower limits for some stretches – as low as 30 mph in some cases, e.g. around Penmaenbach on the A55 in Wales, or a less severe 60 mph restriction on some parts of the A38 and A45.
  15. ^ a b Generally in the UK, lorries over a laden weight of 7500 kg are mechanically or electronically speed-limited to 56 mph (90 km/h) because of overriding European law, even on motorways where they are legally permitted (under UK law) to travel at 60 mph. Some heavier machines are further limited to 53 mph (85 km/h) for the same reasons, and carry warning plates to this effect. Some lorries or trucks with a laden weight between 3500 kg and 7500 kg are also speed-limited to 56 mph (90 km/h) on all roads. On non-motorway roads, heavier trucks are legally limited to 50 (single-carriageway) or 60 (dual carriageway) mph (80 and 97 km/h) except in scotland where they are limited to 40 (single-carriageway) or 50 (dual carriageway (as of 6 April 2015), Medium trucks and buses/commercial van-based minibuses to 50 and 60 mph (80 and 97 km/h), though the latter are further subdivided: some are allowed a motorway speed of 97 km/h (60 mph) and others 70 mph (113 km/h). Light commercial vans are subject to the same 60/70/70 mph limits as private cars and motorcycles, and towing cycles/cars/vans subject to medium truck 50/60/60 limits.
  16. ^ No blanket national guidelines exist, but most regional police forces are mooted to allow a 2 mph, 10%, or 10% + 2 mph tolerance (upper limits, IE these are the minimum speeds that will attract penalty), with no clear information on which level is in place in each jurisdiction. A driver on a 100 km/h 60 mph road may be able to sustain 102 km/h 61.9 or 113 km/h 67.9 mph without penalty either side of a border. 30 km/h 20 mph zones typically have an 8 km/H 5 mph tolerance to allow for poorer speedometer accuracy, increased difficulty of keeping to a constant low speed (and that these roads were typically under 50 km/H 30 mph limits until recently), and an understanding that the nature of a road attracting a 30 km/h 20 mph limit means drivers will need to be more vigilant and not "clock watching". Patrolling police officers not using static speed traps are free to make their own judgments depending on traffic, road conditions and driver behaviour – speeds in excess of 130 km/h 80 mph are often left unchallenged on free flowing trunk routes, but dangerously swift yet technically legal driving can still be prosecuted under separate statutes (dangerous driving, undue care and attention, etc), e.g. 100 km/h 60 mph on that same road in traffic and freezing fog.
  17. ^ Signs are posted in mph. Until recently, speed limit signs on a stretch of Interstate 19 in southern Arizona were the only ones based on the metric system. As part of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the federal government funded a project where the state of Arizona replaced the km/h signs on that stretch with miles-based speed limit signs.
  18. ^ The state of Hawaii posts a 55 mph (89 km/h) speed limit on many Interstate highways.
  19. ^ One toll road near Austin, TX has a speed limit of 85 miles per hour. TxDOT Approves 85 MPH Limit for Stretch of Toll Road
  20. ^ The lower speed limit in large inner-cities may be as low as 45 mph (72 km/h) for example on I-90/94 which goes through Chicago. In many urban areas, controlled-access highways typically take 5 – 15 mph off the speed limit. For example, in Cleveland and Cuyahoga county, the speed limit is 60 mph (97 km/h). Once out of the county, the speed limit returns to 65 mph (105 km/h).
  21. ^ The exact limit is depended on road conditions therefore speed limits are set by transit authorities through signals. Ley de Transito Terrestre, 3 November 2007 Archived 1 January 2013 at archive.today.

References

  1. ^ "Speeds on Rural Interstate Highways Relative to Posting the 40 mph Minimum Speed Limit | Bureau of Transportation Statistics". rita.dot.gov. Archived from the original on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
  2. ^ "Fun, fun, fun on the autobahn". 16 September 2013. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  3. ^ "Speed and Crash Risk" (PDF). itf-oecd.org. Retrieved 2020-06-16.
  4. ^ "Kodiak Rigorous i Republics st Shqipërisë" (in Albanian). Sq.wikibooks.org. 2010-11-15. Retrieved 2010-11-25.
  5. ^ "DEATHTRAP" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 June 2010. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
  6. ^ Government, Northern Territory (2020-12-10). "Speed limits". nt.gov.au. Retrieved 2021-10-24.
  7. ^ "Austria – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  8. ^ "Speed Limits, Road Classifications and Breakdown Recovery – Azerbaijan". Angloinfo. Retrieved 2021-10-24.
  9. ^ поворот», ООО «Новый. "Сравнительная таблица изменений в Правилах в 2022 году". ПДД.BY (in Russian). Retrieved 2022-09-02.
  10. ^ "Belgium – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  11. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ^ "U naseljenim mjestima ograničenje brzine 50 km/h". Sarajevo-x.com. Retrieved 2010-11-25.
  13. ^ "ZAKON O OSNOVAMA SIGURNOSTI PROMETA NA CESTAMA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI" (PDF) (in Bosnian). 2009. p. 71.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ "Resolução N°, 396 de 13 de Dezembro de 2011, ANEXO II" (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  15. ^ "Bulgaria – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  16. ^ "Speed Limits – Canada". ezbordercrossing.com. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  17. ^ "Canadian Highway Speed Limits Make Some Provinces Faster Than Others". 28 September 2019.
  18. ^ Part 32 of Procedures Regulation, Alta Reg 63/2017
  19. ^ "中华人民共和国道路交通安全法实施条例". gov.cn. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
  20. ^ "Transport Department – Roads with Faster Traffic". td.gov.hk. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  21. ^ "Legislative Council Panel on Transport" (PDF).
  22. ^ "Cyprus – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  23. ^ "Czech Republic – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  24. ^ "Denmark – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  25. ^ "Most highways going to 100 km/H maximum speed from Friday". 19 November 2020.
  26. ^ "Speed limit on refurbished Tallinn-Tartu highway stretch to be 120 km/H". 31 July 2020.
  27. ^ "Finland – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  28. ^ "France – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  29. ^ "Law of Georgia on Traffic". 2013-12-24. p. 28.
  30. ^ "Germany – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  31. ^ "Greece Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  32. ^ "Hungary – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  33. ^ Driving safely in Iceland English-language website by Vegagerðin, Icelandic road authority, retrieved 11 th of March 2022
  34. ^ "Ireland – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  35. ^ "Speed limits on Israel's roads and highways". Anglo-List. 2019-11-05. Retrieved 2021-12-25.
  36. ^ "Road-safety-2019-Kazakhstan" (PDF). World Health Organization.
  37. ^ "Drivers must slow down as speed limit on all urban roads in Korea capped at 50 km/h". 2021-04-16.
  38. ^ "Latvia – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  39. ^ "Liechtenstein – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  40. ^ "Lithuania – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  41. ^ "Luxembourg – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  42. ^ "Radars" (in French). Retrieved 2023-05-13.
  43. ^ "Malta – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  44. ^ "Driving in Mexico – Mexico". Angloinfo. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  45. ^ "What is the speed limit on Mexico's highways and how much is the fine for exceeding it?". Today in 24 English. 2021-08-16. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  46. ^ Postbus 51: Verkeer, voertuigen en wegen (in Dutch)
  47. ^ Speed and Crash Risk, International Traffic Safety, Data and Analysis Group, Research Report, The International Transport Forum
  48. ^ "Speed limits". New Zealand Transport Agency. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
  49. ^ New Zealand Transport Agency. "Towing".
  50. ^ "What is the speed limit tolerance in New Zealand". 3 February 2022.
  51. ^ "Norway – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  52. ^ Republic Act No. 4136 (June 20, 1964). Land Transportation and Traffic Code (PDF).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  53. ^ "Joint Memorandum Circular No. 2018-001: Guidelines and Standards for the Classifications of Roads, Setting of Speed Limits Under Republic Act No. 4136, and Collection of Road Crash Data" (PDF). Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  54. ^ "Speed Limit". Toll Regulatory Board. Retrieved June 27, 2021.
  55. ^ "Romania – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  56. ^ "Speed limit on Serbian highways raised to 130 km/h – The government adopted draft changes to the law on road traffic safety". ekapija.com. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  57. ^ "Slovakia – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  58. ^ "Slovenia – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  59. ^ "Spain – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  60. ^ "Sweden – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  61. ^ "Switzerland – Speed Limits". Going abroad. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  62. ^ ""Ordonnance de l'OFROU concernant l'ordonnance sur le contrôle de la circulation routière"" (in French). Retrieved 2023-05-13.
  63. ^ "Otoyollarda Otomobillerin Hız Sınırları Yükseltildi". T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
  64. ^ "Speed limits". gov.uk. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  65. ^ "Visit Gibraltar – Driving and Parking". Visit Gibraltar. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  66. ^ Government of the Isle of Mann. "The Manx Highway Code" (PDF). gov.im. Retrieved 2021-11-20.
  67. ^ Duyen, Dang (2021-06-24). "Quy định tốc độ xe máy khi tham gia giao thông 2021". vinfastauto. Retrieved 2021-12-25.
  68. ^ a b "European Commission – Road Safety".
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