N1 (Senegal)

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N 1

N1 highlighted in red
Route information
Part of TAH 1
Length642 km (399 mi)
Major junctions
FromA1 in Dakar
East endKidira on the Malian border
Location
CountrySenegal
Highway system

The National Route 1 (French: Route Nationale 1 ; Wolof: Tali Réew 1) is a Senegalese primary route connecting the Dakar metropolitan area with the cities of M'Bour, Fatick, Kaolack, Kaffrine and Tambacounda until reaching the border with Mali in Kidira. The N1 is the westernmost section of the Trans-African Highway 1 connecting Senegal to Egypt.

It is one of the busiest routes of the Senegalese capital, being the main access point to enter and leave Dakar before the creation of alternative roads such as the A1.[a]

History

The N1 passing around the Gandiaye Bus Station (Gare Routière de Gandiaye) in the Kaolack Region

Throughout the 2000s, attempts were made to expand several sections of the N1 where the European Union funded the rehabilitation of sections of the road between Kaolack and Tambacounda with the aim of shortening travel times between the capitals of Senegal and Mali, in addition the African Development Bank along with the Japanese Bank for International Cooperation funded expansion work on the N1 between Tambacounda and the Mali border.[2]

The N1 is one of the major roads used for transport and trade between Senegal and its neighboring countries. In the early 2010s, the road experienced an increase in traffic caused by the arrival of people from the Mali border following the civil crisis that happened on the Ivory Coast. Therefore, the World Bank financed the rehabilitation projects of the N1, specifically around the ports of Rufisque and Bargny in the Dakar Region, the projects were completed in 2013.[b]

In mid-2017, the process of reconstruction of the N1 began, specifically the sections between Kaolack and Fatick in charge of the Senegalese company Ageroute where approximately 16.4 billion CFA francs were allocated, where approximately 42 kilometers were renovated and subsequently inaugurated in February 2018.[4]

In 2019, the A1 was inaugurated in the city of M'bour, where an alternate route was created in this port of the Thiès Region to avoid possible accidents. In addition, several interchanges were set up with the existing sections of the N1 passing through the city.[c]

In 2022, reconstruction projects were completed on the sections of the N1 connecting Tambacounda and Goudiry.[6] The project was funded by the Saudi Fund for Development (SFD) and the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development (KFAED).[7] In November 2023, the regional government of Dakar launched several works to avoid congestion on various highways around the city in collaboration with the Senegalese construction company AGEROUTE as part of the Plan Sénégal Emergent (PSE), such projects include the improvement of the A1 and N1 interchanges between the communes of Hann Bel Air and Patte d'Oie.[d]

Route description

Dakar Region

The N1 starts at Dakar-Plateau, the historic center of the city, then heads towards the Commune of Hann Bel Air.[9]

The route starts in the metropolitan center of Dakar, where it connects the localities of Thiaroye sur Mer in the Department of Pikine, then goes much further south-east crossing the localities of Mbao, Rufisque and Bargny. The N1 then heads to Diamniadio where it intersects with the N2.

Thiès Region

Upon entering this region, the N1 crosses the urban center of Kandam, then goes much further southeast and heads to Diass, where the national road intersects with the N1B2 that connects to the Blaise Diagne International Airport.[10] The N1 goes further south and crosses the Somone River near the Bandia Reserve to reach the city of Nguékhokh.[11]

The N1 then heads towards the metropolitan area of M'Bour and goes much further east crossing the urban center of Sandiara and Thiadiaye.

Fatick Region

In this region, the N1 passes through the urban center of Tataguine and then heads much further southeast to Diouroup. The N1 goes much further east and reaches the Fatick metropolitan area. Subsequently, the national route crosses the Sine River and heads to the border with the Kaolack Region.

Kaolack Region

The national route heads to the urban centre of Gandiaye and then on to the Kaolack metropolitan area where it intersects with the Trans-Gambia Highway.

Kaffrine Region

The national road goes to the urban area of Birkilane and then goes much further to the town of Dagaye Ndené. The N1 then goes much further east and crosses the Kaffrine metropolitan area, then the national route heads to Missirah Wadene. In this section, the road heads to Maka Yop Forest, then the N1 crosses the Nianija Bolon River until it reaches the urban center of Koungheul.

Tambacounda Region

Upon entering this region, the national road heads towards the urban center of Koumpentoum. The route subsequently crosses the Koussanar Creek[e] and passes through the Ouli Forest.

The N1 then heads to Sinntiou Maleme and crosses the Sandougou River to reach the Tambacounda metropolitan area. From this section, the route goes further north-east and reaches the urban center of Kothiary. The N1 then goes much further northeast until it reaches the urban center of Kidira where it intersects with the N2 and then heads to the border with Mali across the Falémé River.

Major intersections

RegionLocationkmmiDestinationsNotes
Dakar RegionDakar7.34.5A1[13][14]
Diamniado38.123.7 N 2[15]
Fatick RegionFatick14590 N 9[16]
Kaolack RegionKaolack14590 N 4[17]Colloquially known as the Trans-Gambia Highway
Kaffrine RegionKaffrine249155 N 11[18]
Tambacounda RegionTambacounda463288 N 7[19]
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

External links

Notes

  1. ^ Quote: "Thus, massive back-and-forth movements at peak hours between suburban areas and the historic center of Dakar were generating serious bottle-necks and the plateauing of economic growth. Before the Toll Road was inaugurated, traveling on the 2x2 lane National Road (RN1) could take from two to four hours for about 30 km, as it was the only route in and out of Dakar for about 120,000 vehicles per day. The cost of such congestion to the Senegalese economy was estimated at about 4.6 percent of GDP." (Page 898)[1]
  2. ^ Quote: "The project fully achieved the target of rehabilitation of RN1 (1.875 km) between Rufisque and Bargny despite the delays noted during the works. Even though works on RN1 were completed in 2013, the fiber optic cable along the road was not removed in time, resulting in delays in completing the drainage work and slope protection. Ultimately, both components were completed only in 2015." (Page 17)[3]
  3. ^ Quote: "Avant l’ouverture de ce tronçon, il fallait emprunter la Route nationale 1 pour traverser la ville de Mbour, une zone urbaine qui se transformait fréquemment en bouchons dès que le trafic routier augmentait." Translation: Prior to the opening of this section, it was necessary to use Route Nationale 1 to cross the city of Mbour, an urban area that frequently became a traffic jam as soon as road traffic increased.[5]
  4. ^ Quote: En effet, ce programme permettra, selon le ministère des Infrastructures, l’amélioration de la fluidité des voies rapides telles que l’autoroute A1, la Nationale 1 et la route de l’aéroport ; l’amélioration de la fluidité de l’échangeur de Hann et l’accessibilité des communes de Patte d’Oie et de Hann-Bel Air Translation: According to the Ministry of Infrastructure, this program will improve traffic flow on expressways such as the A1 freeway, Nationale 1 and the airport road; improve traffic flow on the Hann interchange; and improve accessibility to the communes of Patte d'Oie and Hann-Bel Air.[8]
  5. ^ Quote: Le cours d'eau koussanar est la limite actuelle entre le Niani et le Wouli. Ainsi, la partie située sur la rive droite est appelée Niani et celle située sur la rive gauche Wouli. Translation: The Koussanar stream is the current boundary between the Niani and Wouli rivers. Thus, the part on the right bank is called Niani and the part on the left bank Wouli. (Page 9)[12]

References

  1. ^ Graftieaux, Pierre (2017). "Moving people to help people move". Transportation Research Procedia. doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2017.12.139.
  2. ^ The Report: Senegal. Oxford Business Group. 2009. p. 83. ISBN 9781902339214.
  3. ^ "Senegal: Transport and Urban Mobility Project" (PDF). World Bank Document Library. 2020. Retrieved 2025-01-26.
  4. ^ Seck, Malick (2018-02-19). "(10 photos) – Inauguration de la route Fatick-Kaolack, longue de 42 km. Regardez". Senego (in French). Retrieved 2025-01-26.
  5. ^ "Mobilité : l'autoroute contourne désormais la ville de Mbour". Au Sénégal (in French). 2020-03-05. Retrieved 2025-01-26.
  6. ^ "Programme spécial de désenclavement : Macky Sall lance les travaux de la route Goudiry-Dougué-Dianké Makha-Sadatou et annonce la réhabilitation du chemin de fer" [Special opening-up program: Macky Sall launches work on the Goudiry-Dougué-Dianké Makha-Sadatou road and announces the rehabilitation of the railroad]. Seneweb (in French). 2022-12-28. Retrieved 2025-01-27. Il s'agit principalement de l'aménagement des deux axes routiers Goudiry-Dianké Makha et Dianké Makha-Sadatou ainsi que les voiries de Tambacounda et Goudiry.
  7. ^ "Inauguration de la route Tamba-Goudiry-Kidira : «cet axe routier est un véritable corridor économique et un levier valorisant les potentialités économiques, culturelles et touristiques.»". Dakaractu (in French). 2022-12-27. Retrieved 2025-01-27.
  8. ^ Aidara, Cheikhou & Pene, Oumar (2023-11-26). "Circulation : Amadou Ba lance les travaux d'un programme à fort impact sur la mobilité à Dakar". Seneweb (in French). Retrieved 2025-01-31.
  9. ^ "Figure 4.1: Major Road Projects" (Map). Project for Urban Master Plan of Dakar and Neighboring Area for 2035 (PDF). Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). p. 19.
  10. ^ Agence Nationale de l'Aménagement du Territoire (ANAT) (2022). "Carte administrative de la région de Thiès" (Map). GéoSénégal. Retrieved 2025-01-28.
  11. ^ "Tracé du cours d'eau dans le bassin aval de la Somone" (Map). Etude bathymétrique de la lagune de Somone (PDF) (in French). 2015. p. 12 – via Home Ramsar Sites Information Service.
  12. ^ Ndaye, Ibrahima (2020). "Elements de Ruralite: Systemes de Production Agro-pastoraux et Revenus Ruraux au Nord Koussanar" (PDF). Institut de recherche pour le développement (in French). Université Cheikh Anta Diop. Retrieved 2025-01-30.
  13. ^ Google (2025-02-01). "Driving Directions from Dakar Center (N1) to Hann (A1)" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 2025-02-01.
  14. ^ "Réseau routier de la Région de Dakar" (Map). Ministre du Renouveau urbain, de l'Habitat et du Cadre de vie.
  15. ^ Google (2025-02-01). "Driving Directions from Dakar (N1) to Diamniado (N2)" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 2025-02-01.
  16. ^ Google (2025-01-02). "Driving Directions from Dakar (N1) to Fatick (N9)" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  17. ^ Google (2025-01-02). "Driving Directions from Dakar (N1) to Kaolack (N4)" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  18. ^ Google (2025-01-02). "Driving Directions from Dakar (N1) to Kaffrine (N11)" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 2025-01-02.
  19. ^ Google (2025-01-02). "Driving Directions from Dakar (N1) to Kaffrine (N11)" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 2025-01-02.