Draft:Interstate 78

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Interstate 78

I-78 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by PennDOT, DRJTBC, NJDOT, NJTA, and PANYNJ
Length146.28 mi[1] (235.41 km)
Existed1957–present
NHSEntire route
Major junctions
West end I-81 in Union Township, PA
Major intersections
East endCanal Street in New York, NY
Location
CountryUnited States
StatesPennsylvania, New Jersey, New York
CountiesPA: Lebanon, Berks, Lehigh, Northampton
NJ: Warren, Hunterdon, Somerset, Union, Essex, Hudson
NY: New York
Highway system
← PA 77PA→ PA 78
← Route 77NJ→ Route 79
← NY 77ANY→ NY 78
← PA 177I-178→ PA 178
← Route 10Route 11→ Route 12

Interstate 78 (I-78) is an east–west Interstate Highway in the Northeast United States, running 144 miles (232 km) from I-81 northeast of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, through Allentown, Pennsylvania, and western and northern New Jersey to the Holland Tunnel and Lower Manhattan in New York City.

I-78 is a major road linking ports in the New York City and New Jersey area to points west. I-78 serves as a major connecting route from New York City to New Jersey via the Holland Tunnel.

Route description

I-78 runs through the states of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York. The vast majority of the route is in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, where the highway runs for 77.95 miles (125.45 km) and 67.83 miles (109.16 km) through each state respectively.[2] The section of I-78 in New York is 0.9 miles (1,400 m) long according to the New York State Department of Transportation,[3] although the Federal Highway Administration considers I-78 to be only 0.5 miles (800 m) long.[2] As part of the Interstate Highway System, the entire length of I-78 is a part of the National Highway System,[4][5][6] a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.[7]

Lengths
  mi[1] km
PA 77.95 125.45
NJ 67.83 109.16
NY 0.50 0.80
Total 146.28 235.41

Pennsylvania

I-78/US 22 eastbound past the Shartlesville exit

I-78 begins at an interchange with I-81 in Union Township in Lebanon County, heading east as a four-lane freeway. In Lebanon County, I-78 is known as the 78th Division Highway.[8] The road runs northeast through Swatara Township and east through Bethel Township, coming to a partial interchange with Pennsylvania Route 343 (PA 343). At an intersection with the William Penn Highway, U.S. Route 22 (US 22) becomes concurrent with I-78.[9][10] I-78/US 22 enters Bethel Township in Berks County and heads east-northeast, parallel to the Blue Mountain ridge to the north. The road has interchanges with several highways including PA 645, PA 501, and PA 419 before crossing Little Swatara Creek into Upper Tulpehocken Township and intersecting with PA 183 near Strausstown. Crossing Northkill Creek into Upper Bern Township, the road intersects Mountain Road near Shartlesville, where it is co-named as the CMSgt. Richard L. Etchberger Memorial Highway, in honor of Richard Etchberger.[11] Following this interchange, the road heads northeast and enters Tilden Township, intersecting PA 61, then crosses Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad's Reading Division line and the Schuylkill River. I-78/US 22 then enters the borough of Hamburg, intersecting North 4th Street before entering Windsor Township and curving to the east. After entering Greenwich Township, I-78/US 22 intersects PA 143 near Lenhartsville, where the CMSgt. Richard L. Etchberger Memorial Highway name ends. To the east, the road crosses Maiden Creek and intersects PA 737 near Krumsville, before continuing east and passing through the northern corner of Maxatawny Township.[9][12]

I-78 westbound past the PA 412 interchange in Bethlehem

I-78/US 22 enters Weisenberg Township in Lehigh County where the freeway becomes the Walter J. Dealtrey Memorial Highway.[13] It passes through the Lehigh Valley and intersects PA 863 before crossing into Upper Macungie Township. After intersecting PA 100 in Fogelsville, the road crosses Norfolk Southern (NS)'s C&F Secondary railroad line and curves northeast. In Kuhnsville, US 22 splits northeast to follow the Lehigh Valley Thruway while I-78 continues east-southeast, passing over I-476 (Pennsylvania Turnpike Northeast Extension) before merging with PA 309.[9][14] I-78/PA 309 pass through Lower Macungie Township and widen to six lanes. The freeway intersects US 222/PA 222, then crosses into South Whitehall Township and Salisbury Township. I-78/PA 309 intersects PA 29 at Cedar Crest Boulevard before entering the city of Allentown and crossing back into Salisbury Township multiple times. The freeway crosses Little Lehigh Creek and NS's Reading Line, then ascends South Mountain and enters Upper Saucon Township. In Lanark, the road intersects PA 145, and PA 309 splits to the southeast. I-78 turns northeast, narrowing to four lanes and running along South Mountain.[9][14]

I-78 enters Lower Saucon Township in Northampton County and has an interchange with the PA 378 freeway at its northern terminus before curving east-northeast into Bethlehem. The freeway crosses the Saucon Creek, straddling the border between Bethlehem and Hellertown before intersecting PA 412. I-78 crosses back into Lower Saucon Township and turns northeast across the East Branch Saucon Creek, meeting the southern terminus of the PA 33 freeway. The freeway then enters Williams Township, the borough of Glendon, and then again Williams Township. The road interchanges with Morgan Hill Road, widens to six lanes, and passes a westbound welcome center and a westbound toll plaza for the Interstate 78 Toll Bridge. From here, I-78 turns southeast onto the bridge, which carries the freeway over PA 611 and the Delaware Canal before crossing the Delaware River into New Jersey.[9][15]

Western and Central New Jersey

I-78/US 22 westbound past Route 31 interchange in Clinton

I-78 enters Phillipsburg in Warren County, New Jersey, after crossing the bridge.[16] The six-lane highway, maintained by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission (DRJTBC), enters Pohatcong Township and then briefly crosses into Alpha three times.[16][17] I-78 passes under NS's Lehigh Line and comes to its first exit, an interchange with US 22 and Route 173. US 22 and I-78 run concurrently into Greenwich Township, where New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) maintenance begins.[16] Upon entering Franklin Township, there are weigh stations in both directions.[17]

I-78/US 22 crosses the Musconetcong River into Bloomsbury, Hunterdon County, and has an interchange with Route 173, the first of several.[16] The freeway enters Bethlehem Township, with Route 173 running nearby.[16][17] The highway contains rest areas in both directions, between overpasses of two NS lines, and turns southeast into the Musconetcong Mountains,[17] where there is an automatic deicing spray.[18] Entering Union Township, the road has several interchanges with Route 173 and county routes.[16] Route 173 merges onto I-78/US 22 at exit 13 and diverges shortly after at the interchange with County Route 513 (CR 513). The freeway enters Franklin Township and then Clinton, where it crosses the South Branch Raritan River. I-78/US 22 turns northeast and passes into Clinton Township, where it intersects Route 173 and Route 31. At the next interchange near the community of Annandale, US 22 splits from I-78.[16][17] I-78 crosses NJ Transit’s Raritan Valley Line and enters Lebanon. I-78 runs through Clinton Township again, Readington Township, then Tewksbury Township, and back into Readington Township.[16]

Local/express lane split on I-78 eastbound just west of the Route 24 interchange in Springfield Township

After crossing the Lamington River, I-78 comes into Bedminster, Somerset County.[16][17] The junction with I-287 is called the Vincent R. Kramer Interchange.[16] The road crosses Second Watchung Mountain and briefly runs through Bridgewater Township, where there is a westbound scenic overlook, before coming into Bernards Township.[16][17] At CR 525, the freeway crosses into Warren Township. The road heads east along the southern bank of the Dead River, then turns northeast past CR 531.[16] I-78 runs across Second Watchung Mountain again and crosses Green Brook into Berkeley Heights, Union County.[16][17] The highway then runs between Second Watchung Mountain to the northwest and the Watchung Reservation to the southeast.[17] Coming into Summit, the road passes under a wildlife crossing. I-78 enters Springfield Township and passes near First Watchung Mountain before coming to the eastern terminus of the Route 24 freeway.[16][17]

At Route 24, I-78 divides into local and express lanes, with most access via the local lanes. Before the next exit for Route 124, I-78 briefly runs east through Millburn in Essex County and Springfield Township again before entering Union Township. I-78 intersects the Garden State Parkway along the border of Union Township and Hillside.[16] The road turns northeast again into Hillside,[17] passing under Conrail Shared Assets Operations' (CSAO) Irvington Industrial Track.[16] I-78 briefly passes through Irvington in Essex County before continuing into Newark, where there are several local exits.[16][17] One of these exits is a directional T-interchange from both local and express lanes to Irvine Turner Boulevard; these would have served the unbuilt Route 75 freeway.[19] Afterward, I-78 crosses CSAO's Lehigh Line (which also carries NJ Transit’s Raritan Valley Line), Route 27, and Amtrak's Northeast Corridor. The final non-tolled exit is the Newark Airport Interchange, which connects to Newark Liberty International Airport, US 1/9, US 22, Route 21, and many local roads.[16][17]

New Jersey Turnpike and Holland Tunnel

Just east of the Newark Airport Interchange is a toll plaza for the New Jersey Turnpike, at which point I-78 becomes maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority (NJTA). Afterward, I-78 intersects I-95, the mainline of the New Jersey Turnpike.[16] I-78 narrows to a four-lane highway called the New Jersey Turnpike Extension, heading over CSAO's Chemical Coast Secondary and Corbin Street Lead lines before passing by the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal.[16][17] I-78 crosses the Newark Bay on the Newark Bay Bridge into Bayonne, Hudson County, with three exits. At exit 14A, serving Route 440, I-78 crosses over CSAO's Industrial Track and Greenville Industrial Track. I-78 continues northeast and parallels CSAO's National Docks Branch.[17] Exit 14B is for Bayview Avenue and provides access to Liberty State Park.[16][17] The toll plaza at the end of the turnpike extension is labeled as exit 14C.[16] Immediately afterward is a park and ride lot at the Liberty State Park station along NJ Transit's Hudson–Bergen Light Rail (HBLR).[16][17] I-78 passes over the HBLR and has an exit for Columbus Drive and Montgomery Street.[16] The highway crosses PATH's Newark–World Trade Center line, then descends to street level and passes over the National Docks Branch twice before merging with Route 139.[16][17]

The Holland Tunnel going westbound towards Jersey City

I-78 and Route 139 briefly run on surface streets with traffic lights, an example of a non–limited access section of Interstate Highway. The route is a one-way pair along 12th Street eastbound and 14th Street westbound; these streets are maintained by Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) and are also known as Boyle Plaza.[16][17] Past the intersection of 12th Street and CR 637 (Luis Muñoz Marín Boulevard) is a toll plaza for the Holland Tunnel.[17] From here, the concurrency enters the Holland Tunnel under the Hudson River, which carries two lanes in each direction. Route 139 ends at the New Jersey/New York state line within the tunnel and I-78 continues into the New York City borough of Manhattan.[16][17] The segment of I-78 in New York consists entirely of the Holland Tunnel and its ramps. The entrance plaza to the westbound tunnel is known as Freeman Plaza,[20][21] with four ramps into the tunnel.[22] The exit plaza, referred to the "Holland Tunnel Rotary", is in a square superblock that previously housed the New York Central Railroad's St. John's Park Terminal,[23][24] with five numbered exits.

History

NJ 11 (cutout).svg

Work on the Holland Tunnel between New Jersey and New York started in 1920,[25] and the tunnel officially opened in 1927.[26] The tunnel predated the Interstate Highway System. Six months after it was opened, 3,655,000 passengers had used the tunnel.[27] In 1927, New Jersey Route 11 was legislated as a high-speed bypass of US 22, running from Route 28 in White House east to Route 29 in Warrenville, roughly following the alignment of present-day I-78; it was never built.[28][29] What is now I-78 was proposed following the passage of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956. When the Interstate Highway System numbers were first assigned in 1957, the route was planned as I-80N.[30]

Construction

Pennsylvania

Construction of the freeway between Lebanon and Lehigh counties took place between 1950 and 1970, originally as an upgraded alignment of US 22. All of I-78 was completed by 1989.

Prior to the late 1960s, I-78 was to be routed on the Lehigh Valley Thruway across to Phillipsburg, New Jersey, continuing the concurrency with US 22; however, because of heavy opposition by residents of Phillipsburg, the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT) and the New Jersey Department of Transportation opted to build the new southerly route I-78 follows today.[31]

New Jersey

A map of the New York City area showing county borders in addition to proposed interstates, which are in thick black
This 1955 plan shows the full proposed route of I-78 in the New York City area, running east to Kennedy Airport and then north to the Bruckner Interchange.

The Newark Bay Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike was the first limited-access section of I-78 to be built in the state of New Jersey. The 8.2-mile (13.2 km) long expressway was opened in 1956 to provide access from the New Jersey Turnpike mainline to the Holland Tunnel.[32][33] At this time, the Interstate Highway System was established and a route was planned to run east–west from the Harrisburg, Pennsylvania area to New York City, running across the northern part of New Jersey from Phillipsburg to Jersey City along the US 22 corridor.[34] This freeway was originally planned as FAI Corridor 102 and I-80 before it became I-78 in 1958.[35][36]

The part of I-78 between exit 3 and exit 13 opened in the 1960s; this segment runs concurrent with US 22 with the old alignment of US 22 becoming Route 173. In building the road between CR 614 and exit 13, the eastbound lanes of US 22 became westbound I-78 and the westbound lanes of US 22 became the Route 173 frontage road. Work on the segment between exits 17 and 20 in Hunterdon County began in June 1966.[37] By 1969, I-78 had also been completed between exit 13 and CR 525.[38]

In July 1963, New Jersey Governor Richard J. Hughes approved a plan to build I-78 through the city of Newark at a cost of $204,696,637. This plan had been opposed by several communities along the route.[39] The section of I-78 between Route 24 and the New Jersey Turnpike was completed in the mid-1970s.[40] Along this stretch, exit 56 was to connect to the proposed Route 75 freeway, which was never built.[41]

I-78 eastbound in Berkeley Heights

The section of freeway between CR 525 and Drift Road (Exit 41) in Watchung was completed in 1974. The section from Drift Road to Route 24 (Exit 48) in Springfield Township was delayed because of environmental impacts to the Watchung Reservation. In order to mitigate opposition to the original plan, that was shifted closer to the northern edge of the Reservation, which required extensive cuts into the Second Watchung Mountain. Extra land was added to the Nikesite Road overpass and a separate elevated wildlife crossing was built to allow for animal migration. The road was also designed to use a narrower right-of-way with no median strip and just a Jersey barrier dividing the highway, to minimize the amount of rock to be removed. This stretch of I-78 opened in 1986.[42]

New York

When the Interstate numbering was finalized in the late 1950s, I-78 was planned to enter the Lower Manhattan Expressway upon leaving the Holland Tunnel, crossing the East River on the Williamsburg Bridge and following the Bushwick Expressway across Brooklyn to near the Idlewild (now JFK) Airport. There it would follow the Nassau Expressway along the north boundary of the airport and turn north along the Clearview Expressway through Queens, crossing the East River again on the Throgs Neck Bridge into the Bronx. Finally, I-78 would split into two branches, one heading west along the Cross Bronx Expressway to the Bruckner Interchange and the other heading northwest along the Throgs Neck Expressway to the Bruckner Expressway near the south end of the New England Thruway. I-78 would also intersect with I-478 (Manhattan Bridge) in SoHo, Manhattan; I-278 (Brooklyn–Queens Expressway) in Williamsburg, Brooklyn; I-495 (Long Island Expressway) in Fresh Meadows, Queens; and Interstates 95 (Cross Bronx and Bruckner Expressways), 678 (Whitestone Bridge), and 878 (Bruckner Expressway) in Throggs Neck, Bronx.[43][44]

Only two sections of I-78 in Queens and the Bronx were built. When the Throgs Neck Bridge and its approaches opened in early 1961, they were signed as I-78. The lack of expressway names on the signs, as specified by federal standards, caused confusion among drivers who knew the highways by their names.[45][46] The Clearview Expressway was completed to its present extent in mid-1963,[47] and a short eastbound-only piece of the Nassau Expressway opened in 1971.[48] The unbuilt sections of the Lower Manhattan, Bushwick, and Clearview Expressways were canceled by the New York state government in March 1971.[49] The route of part of the Clearview Expressway's unbuilt southern section later became the JFK Expressway, which connects JFK Airport with the Nassau Expressway, Conduit Avenue (NY 27), and the Belt Parkway.[50] The 2.5-mile (4.0 km) JFK Expressway was completed in 1991.[51]

Canceled New York segments

The segments of I-78 and its auxiliaries in NYC and Nassau County that were built (black), cancelled segments (dark red), and segments that were cancelled with multiple different proposed routings (light red). Note that the cancelled New Jersey segment of I-278 is not shown. In this map, I-78 extends across Lower Manhattan, then straddles the border of Brooklyn and Queens to JFK, then north, partly along I-295, to I-95 in the Bronx. A spur in Greenpoint connected this route to the Queens-Midtown Tunnel


Lower Manhattan Expressway

Map of Manhattan with the LOMEX in red
Route information
HistoryProposed in 1941; approved in 1960; canceled in early 1971
Major junctions
West end I-78 (Holland Tunnel) at the Hudson River
East end I-78 (Williamsburg Bridge) / I-478 (Manhattan Bridge) at the East River
Location
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
Highway system

Lower Manhattan Expressway

The Lower Manhattan Expressway, also known as LOMEX or the Canal Street Expressway, was a controversial plan for an expressway through Lower Manhattan. The Lower Manhattan Expressway would have begun at the West Side Elevated Highway, merging with I-78 at the Holland Tunnel entrance and continuing southeast through SoHo and Little Italy as a ten-lane elevated highway. At Centre Street, I-78 would have run southeast to the Williamsburg Bridge in a tunnel, passing over the Chrystie Street Connection of the New York City Subway. An elevated spur, I-478, would have run south to the Manhattan Bridge.[52] A third tube of the Holland Tunnel would have been built.[53]

The expressway was originally conceived in 1941 by urban planner and Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority (TBTA) chairman Robert Moses, who did not submit these plans to the city until 1959.[54] The New York City Planning Commission approved the expressway in February 1960,[55] and the New York City Board of Estimate voted in favor of the expressway's routing that September.[52] The original cost estimate of $80 million later increased to $100 million,[56] and the plan encountered logistical issues even before they had been fully approved.[57] The city moved to evict 2,000 families and 804 businesses along the route,[56] prompting protests against the relocation plan.[57] Opponents said the elevated highway would create a "Chinese wall" through Lower Manhattan.[58] Members of the affected communities, led by community activist Jane Jacobs, formed groups to protest against LOMEX, including the Joint Committee to Stop the Lower Manhattan Expressway.[59]:24 Author Anthony Flint stated that newspapers such as The New York Times typically reported Moses's work favorably, while the newly created Village Voice covered community rallies and advocated against the expressway.[59]:83–84 Jacobs continued to fight the expressway throughout the rest of the decade, and she was locally seen as a hero for her opposition to the project.[60]:117

Model for the LOMEX as designed by Paul Rudolph
Chrystie Street transit hub

A 156-foot (48 m) section of the Williamsburg Bridge spur directly under Chrystie Street was the only part of LOMEX to be built.[61] In December 1960, the New York state government started tendering bids to construct this segment.[62] The low bid of $1,017,585 (equivalent to $7,945,000 in 2023[63]) was accepted on January 26, 1961,[64] and the road was completed by January 1964[65] at a cost of $941,000. The tunnel provided structural support for the Chrystie Street Connection subway line.[61] By 1961, Moses began demolishing fourteen blocks as part of a "slum clearance" project,[56] requiring 132 families and 1,000 businesses to relocate.[60]:50–52 Mayor Robert F. Wagner started acquiring land in April 1962[66] but placed the process on hold that August.[67] A December 3, 1962, report claimed the families could be relocated without much difficulty,[68] but the Board of Estimate voted two days later to block the planned expressway.[69] In May 1963, Moses announced a revised proposal.[70]

The argument over the Lower Manhattan Expressway became a pivotal argument in the 1965 New York City mayoral election,[71][72] as Wagner wanted to complete the highway by 1971.[72][73] His opponent John V. Lindsay objected to the plan,[74] as did the Port Authority, which cited congestion at the Holland Tunnel.[72] Lindsay won the election and began looking to modify the project's routing.[75] The Regional Plan Association suggested that the city build the expressway underground or in an open cut,[76] but Moses opposed a depressed highway.[77] Deputy Mayor Robert Price announced in 1966 that the city had stopped pursuing the Lower Manhattan Expressway in any form,[78] but the Lindsay administration was still conducting studies on an underground routing.[79] Moses was removed from his position as the city's arterial-road planner in July 1966.[80] A report commissioned by the city that November concluded that the expressway plan was not the optimal solution for Lower Manhattan congestion.[81] In January 1967, Lindsay and Governor Nelson Rockefeller agreed to commission a feasibility study for an underground highway,[82] but this plan failed to placate Lower Manhattan residents.[58] The federal and state governments allocated funding for the expressway in September 1967.[83] In January 1969, a group of scientists stated that carbon monoxide levels around the tunnel would be dangerously high,[84] and the next month, several officials succeeded in delaying the expressway plans.[85]

Bushwick Expressway

A 1964 highway map with the proposed Bushwick Expressway highlighted in red

Another unbuilt extension of I-78 in New York was Bushwick Expressway, which would have linked the Williamsburg Bridge to the Nassau Expressway. The original route would have utilized Broadway, Bushwick Avenue, and the Conduit Boulevard/Avenue corridor.[86] An alternate routing, proposed by the TBTA in the 1960s, would have traveled slightly farther north near Wyckoff Avenue, with an additional spur running Newtown Creek to the Queens–Midtown Tunnel.[86][87][88] The highway would have cut through several neighborhoods in Queens and Brooklyn.[87][88][89] The East New York, Brooklyn, segment was partially constructed from Atlantic Avenue to the Belt Parkway in the early 1940s, when Conduit Boulevard/Avenue was widened. The current grass median of the boulevard would have facilitated the expressway.[90][91][92][93]

The median of Conduit Avenue (pictured) would have been used for the Bushwick Expressway.

The Bushwick Expressway was proposed around 1954, and included in the Port Authority's Joint Study of Arterial Facilities in 1955.[94] The Wyckoff Avenue route was proposed in the 1960s.[86][87][88] At this time, the TBTA envisioned the main route as an eight-lane highway, while the Williamsburg Bridge and Midtown Tunnel spurs would support six lanes of traffic.[88] Residents along the route opposed the project because it would require much displacement;[95] the TBTA estimated that nearly 4,000 families would be displaced by the expressway.[88] At the urging of Mayor John V. Lindsay, the Cross Brooklyn Expressway, which would connect to the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, and not provide a link in I-78, was substituted for the Bushwick Expressway in 1967, in order to reduce traffic into Manhattan[89][96][97] and because it would reduce the displacement of residents and businesses.[95]

Cancellation of all I-78 expressways

While campaigning for re-election in 1969, Mayor Lindsay canceled plans for the Lower Manhattan and Cross Brooklyn Expressways, citing lack of community support.[89][98][99] Lindsay declared the Lower Manhattan Expressway to be "dead for all time",[100] and the Board of Estimate officially voted to erase the proposed expressway from city maps in August.[101] All three unbuilt expressways along the path of I-78 were deleted at the state level by Governor Rockefeller in March 1971.[49] Effective January 1, 1970, the New York State Department of Transportation truncated the east end of I-78 to the east end of the Williamsburg Bridge at I-278 in Brooklyn, and other parts of the proposed I-78 were re-signed as I-295 and I-878[102] (the latter of which was re-designated NY 878 by 1991).[103]

A 2015 Gothamist article cites singer Bob Dylan as being partially responsible for the eventual cancellation of the Lower Manhattan Expressway. Experts were skeptical about the existence of the song and the New York Public Library does not have any records containing the song, but a copy of the lyrics was found in the Tuli Kupferberg collection of the Fales Library of NYU.[104][105]

Later years

I-78/US 22 westbound at the PA 737 interchange in Krumsville

A section of I-78 in Newark, New Jersey, was closed off in August 1989 when a debris pile under a bridge caught fire and damaged the elevated highway. The road was opened nine days after the fire occurred.[106] The westernmost section of I-78 in New Jersey opened in November 1989 after a more northerly alignment along present day US 22 through Phillipsburg was rejected due to community opposition.[107] This led to I-78 being rerouted to the south of the Lehigh Valley in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.[108]

The section of I-78 in New Jersey once had solar powered emergency call boxes every 1 mile (1.6 km). With the advent of cell phones the usage of these call boxes became extremely limited, and NJDOT removed these call boxes in 2005.[109] In 2006–2007 the highway between Route 24 (Exit 48) and the Garden State Parkway (Exit 52) was rebuilt. This included re-decking of bridge decks, and covering the deteriorated concrete pavement with an asphalt overlay.[110] Exit 52 was reconstructed because the cancellation of the I-278 extension and Route 75 had resulted in missing ramps between the Garden State Parkway and I-78. Construction began in June 2008, with the ramp from the northbound Garden State Parkway to westbound I-78 being completed in September 2009.[40] The connection between the southbound Garden State Parkway and eastbound I-78 was completed in December 2010.[111]

In 2013, PennDOT announced plans to improve a portion of I-78 in eastern Berks County, Pennsylvania. The project will redesign the PA 737 interchange, add truck lanes, widen lanes and shoulders, and raise the height of three overpasses.[112] Construction began in 2015 and is planned to be completed in 2025 at a cost of $412.6 million.[113] In 2020, a project began to improve the section of I-78 in Hamburg by reconstructing and reconfiguring the PA 61 interchange and widening and rehabilitating the bridges over the Schuylkill River and Port Clinton Avenue. Construction on this project is planned to be completed in December 2025 at a cost of $125.4 million.[114] In October 2021, PennDOT proposed instituting tolls on part of I-78 in Berks County to fund a bridge over Maiden Creek in Lenhartsville,[115][116] but many residents opposed the plan.[117]

In the early 2020s, the NJTA announced plans to widen its section of I-78, between I-95 and Jersey City, from four to six lanes. Preliminary studies for the project began in 2021; at the time, the project was slated to begin in 2023 and be complete in 2026.[118] The project faced significant opposition from residents of neighboring communities.[119][120] The project, originally budgeted at $4.7 billion, had increased to $10.6 billion by late 2022.[118][121]

Exit list

CountyLocationmi[a]kmOld exitNew exitDestinationsNotes
LebanonUnion Township0.000.001B
 I-81 south – Harrisburg		Exit 89 on I-81
0.550.891A
 I-81 north – Hazleton
Bethel Township5.859.4116
 PA 343 south – Lebanon, Fredericksburg		Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; northern terminus of PA 343
7.9012.7118

 US 22 west to PA 343 – Lebanon, Fredericksburg		Western terminus of US 22 concurrency; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
BerksBethel Township10.2116.43210 PA 645 – Frystown
12.6820.41313 PA 501 – Bethel
14.6723.61415GrimesRight-in/right-out; access via Court Street eastbound, Frantz Road westbound; no access across I-78/US 22; no tractor trailers
15.4024.78516MidwayAccess via Midway Road
16.5826.68617 PA 419 – RehrersburgAccess to Conrad Weiser Homestead
Upper Tulpehocken Township18.6530.01719 PA 183 – Strausstown
Upper Bern Township22.7136.55823ShartlesvilleAccess via Mountain Road
Tilden Township29.11–
29.35		46.85–
47.23		929 PA 61 – Pottsville, Reading
Hamburg30.1948.591030HamburgAccess via North 4th Street
Greenwich Township35.2356.701135 PA 143 – Lenhartsville
40.2764.811240 PA 737 – Kutztown, KrumsvilleAccess to Kutztown University
LehighWeisenberg Township44.9672.361345 PA 863 – Lynnport, New Smithville
Upper Macungie Township49.26–
49.55		79.28–
79.74		1449 PA 100 – Trexlertown, FogelsvilleSigned as exits 49A (south) and 49B (north)
50.8981.901551





 US 22 east to I-476 Toll / Penna Turnpike NE Extension / PA 309 north – LVI Airport		Eastern terminus of US 22 concurrency; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
Lower Macungie Township53.6786.3753



 PA 309 north to I-476 Toll / Penna Turnpike NE Extension – Tamaqua		Western terminus of PA 309 concurrency; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
Lower Macungie–South Whitehall
township line		54.12–
54.51		87.10–
87.73		1654

 US 222 south / PA 222 north (Hamilton Boulevard)		Signed as exits 54A (south) and 54B (north) westbound; northern terminus of US 222; southern terminus of PA 222; access to Reading, Allentown Center City, and Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom
Salisbury Township55.4189.171755
 PA 29 south (Cedar Crest Boulevard)		Northern terminus of southern segment of PA 29
Allentown57.2092.051857Lehigh Street
57.6392.7518B58Emaus Avenue southWestbound exit only
Upper Saucon Township58.8394.681959
 To PA 145 – Summit Lawn		Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; access via Rock Road
59.9296.4320A60A
 PA 309 south – Quakertown		Eastern terminus of PA 309 concurrency; signed as exit 60 eastbound; access to DeSales University
60.3097.0420B60B
 PA 145 north (South 4th Street)		Westbound exit only; southern terminus of PA 145; access to Allentown Center City
NorthamptonBethlehem66.36106.802167 PA 412 – Hellertown, BethlehemAccess to Lehigh University and Wind Creek Bethlehem
Lower Saucon Township71.04114.3371

 PA 33 north to US 22 – Stroudsburg		Southern terminus of PA 33; access to Pocono Mountains and Lehigh Valley Airport
Williams Township75.00120.702275
 To PA 611 – Easton, Philadelphia		Access via Morgan Hill Road; access to Crayola Experience and Lafayette College
Rest area and welcome center (westbound)
Toll plaza (westbound only)
Delaware River77.10
0.00		124.08
0.00		Interstate 78 Toll Bridge; Pennsylvania–New Jersey state line
WarrenGreenwich Township3.946.343

 US 22 west / Route 173 to Route 122 – Phillipsburg, Bloomsbury, Alpha		Western end of concurrency with US 22; no westbound exit to eastbound US 22; last westbound exit before toll
5.488.824Warren Glen, StewartsvilleWestbound exit and eastbound entrance via CR 637
Franklin Township7.0311.316Warren Glen, Asbury, Weigh StationEastbound exit and westbound entrance via CR 632
HunterdonBloomsbury7.4612.017 Route 173 – West Portal, Bloomsbury
Union Township11.7618.9311 Route 173 (CR 614) – West Portal, Pattenburg
13.4221.6012 Route 173 (CR 625) – Jutland, Norton
15.01–
15.07		24.16–
24.25		13
 Route 173 west (Service Road)		Western end of concurrency with Route 173; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
Franklin Township16.0625.8515
 Route 173 east (CR 513) – Clinton, Pittstown		Eastern terminus of concurrency with Route 173
Clinton Township17.32–
17.87		27.87–
28.76		17 Route 31 – Clinton, Washington, Flemington, TrentonSigned as exits 16 (north) and 17 (south) eastbound
18.34–
18.53		29.52–
29.82		18
 US 22 east – Annandale, Lebanon		Eastern terminus of concurrency with US 22
Lebanon20.7833.4420Lebanon, Round Valley Recreation Area, CokesburyWestbound exit and eastbound entrance via CR 639; signed as exits 20A (south) and 20B (north)
Tewksbury Township25.0340.2824
 CR 523 to CR 517 – Oldwick, Whitehouse
SomersetBedminster27.1143.6326
 CR 523 Spur (CR 665) – Lamington, North Branch
30.80–
30.87		49.57–
49.68		29


 I-287 to I-80 / US 202 / US 206 – Morristown, Somerville		I-287 exit 21
Bernards–Warren
township line		34.5855.6533 CR 525 – Bernardsville, Martinsville
Warren Township37.3960.1736 CR 651 – Basking Ridge, Warren Twp
40.9865.9540 CR 531 – The Plainfields, Watchung, Gillette
Watchung42.2267.9541Berkeley Heights, Scotch PlainsNo eastbound entrance
UnionBerkeley Heights44.0170.8343Berkeley Heights, New Providence, WatchungAccess via CR 655
44.5271.6544New Providence, Berkeley HeightsEastbound exit and entrance via CR 527
Summit46.7275.1945 CR 527 (Glenside Avenue) – SummitEastbound exit and westbound entrance
Springfield Township48.1477.47Western terminus of local-express lanes
49.2879.3148

 Route 24 west to I-287 – Millburn, Springfield, Morristown
Union Township50.5881.4049
 Route 124 to Route 82 – Springfield, Union, Maplewood		Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; signed as exits 49A (west) and 49B (east)
51.4382.7750Union, Millburn, MaplewoodWestbound exit and eastbound entrance via CR 630; signed as exits 50A (south) and 50B (north)
53.1185.4752
 G.S. Parkway		Crossover from express lanes allows full access; commercial vehicles prohibited; Exits 142A-B on GSP
Hillside54.3287.4254Hillside, IrvingtonEastbound exit and westbound entrance; access via Winans Avenue
EssexNewark54.88–
55.00		88.32–
88.51		55Hillside, IrvingtonEastbound exit is part of exit 54; access via CR 602
56.4590.8556West Peddle Street / Elizabeth Avenue – Downtown NewarkExit from both express and local lanes
57.2392.1057
 Route 21 north – Newark, Newark Airport		No westbound exit
57.4592.46
 US 1-9 south – Newark Airport, Elizabeth		No eastbound exit
58.0393.3958A


 US 1-9 south to US 22 / Route 21 – Port Newark, Elizabeth, Newark, Newark Airport		Eastbound crossover from express lanes; eastern terminus of US 22; no exit number westbound
58.3293.8658B
 US 1-9 north		No exit number westbound
Eastern terminus of local-express lanes
58.6094.31Exit 14 Toll Plaza (western terminus of the Newark Bay Extension)
58.9394.84–

 I-95 Toll / N.J. Turnpike – New York, Trenton		Exit 14 on I-95 / Turnpike
Newark Bay60.8097.85Newark Bay Bridge
HudsonBayonne–Jersey City line62.0199.8014A Route 440 – BayonneAccess to Cape Liberty Cruise Port and Staten Island
Jersey City64.20103.3214BJersey City, Liberty State ParkAccess via Bayview Avenue
64.50103.80Exit 14C Toll Plaza (eastern terminus of the Newark Bay Extension)
64.63104.01– Liberty Science Center, Light Rail Park-RideEastbound exit and westbound entrance
65.50105.41–Columbus DriveEastbound exit and westbound entrance
66.49107.01–


 Route 139 west to US 1-9 / I-280 – Pulaski Skyway		Western terminus of concurrency with Route 139; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
66.76107.44Eastern terminus of freeway
–Jersey Avenue (CR 631) – Lincoln TunnelAt-grade intersection
67.03107.87–Marin Boulevard (CR 637)At-grade intersection; last eastbound exit before toll
67.14108.05Holland Tunnel Toll Plaza (eastbound only, E-ZPass or toll-by-plate)
Hudson River67.83
0.0		109.16
0.0		Holland Tunnel; New Jersey–New York state line; eastern terminus of Route 139
ManhattanTribeca0.90[3]1.451 NY 9A (West Street)Via Laight Street west; eastern terminus of I-78
1.01.62Hudson Street – UptownAt the corner of Beach Street
3BrooklynTo Manhattan Bridge via Walker and Canal Streets
1.11.84DowntownVia Varick Street
5Canal Street eastVia Laight Street east
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

Auxiliary routes

1955 map of I-178 and I-378 in the Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania

All of I-78's auxiliary routes serve New York City; however, none of these routes actually intersect I-78, following the route's truncation at the eastern end of the Holland Tunnel.

Interstate 178

LocationAllentown, Pennsylvania
Existed1950s–1971

Interstate 178 was a proposed spur from Interstate 78, but was cancelled because the Liberty Bell Shrine was in the path of the proposed expressway. Additionally, locals opposed the destruction of Sixth and Seventh Streets to accommodate the highway. The planned northern terminus would have been between the 15th Street and PA 145 interchanges.[131] If built, Interstate 178 would have connected US 22, formerly designated I-78, into Allentown.[132] This route was shown in Rand McNally atlases in the late 1960s, but was not included in the 1971 federal interstate route log.[133] The route was supposed to end near Muhlenberg College.[134]

Interstate 378

LocationBethlehem, Pennsylvania
Existed1968–1971

Interstate 378 was the designation for a spur route that would have extend from Interstate 78 into Bethlehem. A section of freeway was constructed from West Broad Street in Bethlehem to the current interchange with the Lehigh Valley Thruway. As part of the Interstate Highway System, the Lehigh Valley Thruway was cosigned as the alignment of I-78. Upon completion of the freeway in 1968, the new highway was designated I-378, a spur off of I-78.[135] However, in 1970, as I-78 was realigned to a new bypass to the south of Bethlehem, I-378 was decommissioned and replaced with the alignment of Pennsylvania Route 378 the following year.[136][137]

Notes

  1. ^ Mileposts reset at state lines.[122][123][124]

References

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  122. ^ Calculated using DeLorme Street Atlas USA 2007
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  124. ^ Google (September 10, 2015). "Holland Tunnel Rotary" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
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    • Union County Sheet 2 (Map). New Jersey Department of Transportation. 1967. Retrieved February 13, 2010.
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  128. ^ a b Map of New Jersey (Map). Cartography by General Drafting. Esso. 1970.
  129. ^ West Side Hwy Project, New York: Environmental Impact Statement. West Side Hwy Project, New York: Environmental Impact Statement. New York State Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. 1977. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
  130. ^ Roberts, Sam (October 7, 1985). "THE LEGACY OF WESTWAY: LESSONS FROM ITS DEMISE". The New York Times. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  131. ^ "Pennsylvania's Dearly Departed Interstates".
  132. ^ "I-178 (cancelled) Pennsylvania".
  133. ^ "1963 Rand McNally".
  134. ^ "I-178 Map".
  135. ^ Pennsylvania (Map) (1968 ed.). Cartography by Pennsylvania Department of Highways. Pennsylvania Department of Highways. 1968. Allentown, Pennsylvania inset.
  136. ^ U.S. Route Numbering Subcommittee (June 20, 1970). "U.S. Route Numbering Subcommittee Agenda Showing Action Taken by the Executive Committee" (PDF) (Report). Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway Officials. p. 248. Retrieved January 16, 2015 – via Wikimedia Commons.
  137. ^ Pennsylvania (Map) (1971 ed.). Cartography by Pennsylvania Department of Highways. Pennsylvania Department of Highways. 1971. Allentown inset.

External links

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